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- W2275718982 endingPage "264" @default.
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- W2275718982 abstract "Pesticide formulations contain declared active ingredients and co-formulants presented as inert and confidential compounds. We tested the endocrine disruption of co-formulants in six glyphosate-based herbicides (GBH), the most used pesticides worldwide. All co-formulants and formulations were comparably cytotoxic well below the agricultural dilution of 1% (18–2000 times for co-formulants, 8–141 times for formulations), and not the declared active ingredient glyphosate (G) alone. The endocrine-disrupting effects of all these compounds were measured on aromatase activity, a key enzyme in the balance of sex hormones, below the toxicity threshold. Aromatase activity was decreased both by the co-formulants alone (polyethoxylated tallow amine—POEA and alkyl polyglucoside—APG) and by the formulations, from concentrations 800 times lower than the agricultural dilutions; while G exerted an effect only at 1/3 of the agricultural dilution. It was demonstrated for the first time that endocrine disruption by GBH could not only be due to the declared active ingredient but also to co-formulants. These results could explain numerous in vivo results with GBHs not seen with G alone; moreover, they challenge the relevance of the acceptable daily intake (ADI) value for GBHs exposures, currently calculated from toxicity tests of the declared active ingredient alone." @default.
- W2275718982 created "2016-06-24" @default.
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- W2275718982 date "2016-02-26" @default.
- W2275718982 modified "2023-10-17" @default.
- W2275718982 title "Co-Formulants in Glyphosate-Based Herbicides Disrupt Aromatase Activity in Human Cells below Toxic Levels" @default.
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- W2275718982 doi "https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph13030264" @default.
- W2275718982 hasPubMedCentralId "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/4808927" @default.
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- W2275718982 hasPublicationYear "2016" @default.
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