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- W2276244485 abstract "The Whren doctrine has foreclosed Fourth Amendment claims against pretextual stops under the exclusionary rule and in § 1983 suits, largely insulating the use of pretextual stops from legal scrutiny. But Whren’s applicability to 18 U.S.C. § 242, under which federal prosecutors may criminally charge officers for willful deprivation of civil rights under color of law, remains an open question. If courts decline to extend Whren to § 242, the government could use § 242 prosecutions as a means to investigate situations in which minority motorists are disproportionately stopped and forced to choose between facing criminal charges or giving up their possessions. Alternatively, extending Whren to § 242 would add an extra hurdle to a criminal statute that already affords significant insulation to defendant officers, and would foreclose any scrutiny into questionable traffic regimes. While pretextual stops may serve a legitimate law enforcement purpose in some situations, officers who act with bad motives and routinely harass motorists must be subject to some level of scrutiny. Whren’s insulation of officers’ intent may be appropriate where the stakes are exclusion of inculpatory evidence or civil damages, but the doctrine is less suited to § 242, which requires inquiry into officers’ specific intent, includes strong protections to defendant officers, and carries no risk of windfall to “guilty victims.” This note engages with the disagreement among circuit courts and the Solicitor General’s office regarding Whren’s application to 18 U.S.C. § 242, and counsels against fully applying Whren to § 242. Part I.A delineates the emergence of the Whren doctrine within the Fourth Amendment exclusionary rule context. Part I.B tracks Whren’s extension to 42 U.S.C. § 1983, and Part I.C introduces 18 U.S.C. § 242. Part II evaluates the disagreement between the Sixth Circuit and the Solicitor General’s office as to whether Whren applies to § 242. Finally, Part III presents further argument against transposing Whren to § 242, explaining that the criminal prosecution of police officers is substantially different from the exclusionary rule and § 1983, and noting the deleterious effect that Whren would have on the federal government’s ability to vindicate Fourth Amendment rights. In conclusion, Part III will explore the possibilities that rejecting or modifying Whren in the § 242 context will have for protecting the civil rights of citizens who have been targets of corrupt police action, heretofore protected by the Whren doctrine." @default.
- W2276244485 created "2016-06-24" @default.
- W2276244485 creator A5021187636 @default.
- W2276244485 date "2014-06-21" @default.
- W2276244485 modified "2023-09-27" @default.
- W2276244485 title "When Cops are Robbers: Reconciling the Whren Doctrine and 18 U.S.C. § 242" @default.
- W2276244485 hasPublicationYear "2014" @default.
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