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• W2276295732 abstract "Particles motion inside complex, irregular or crowded environments is a common phenomenon ranging from microscopic to macroscopic scales. It can be involved in everyday practical problems, like traffic, in fundamental biological mechanisms, like growth and reproduction of cells, and in important industrial or chemical applications, like oil catalysis. In many cases, transport in crowded environments is guided by 'active' elements, i.e. units that consume energy in order to produce motion. Among systems belonging in this class, the diffusion of hard-core particles in a channel so narrow they cannot pass each other, known as Single File Diffusion, has assumed a particular role. Single File Diffusion is responsible for the transport of ions in membrane channels, the diffusion in nano- and micro-porous materials and has been observed in many other natural and artificial systems.Aim of this thesis is to investigate Single File system of passive (purely diffusive) or active (self propelled) particles, focusing on the effects of the activity on the Single File motion and on the Single File properties in the presence of absorbing boundaries. Most of the work has been carried out developing analytical and numerical tools within the framework of the Stochastic Processes. By using single particle techniques in a microfluidic approach, we obtained an excellent comparison between experimental data and numerical model of particles emptying a Single File channel with open ends.In this thesis, after a brief introduction in the framework of confined diffusion processes, we will review the most relevant works in the theoretical and experimental literature of Single File Diffusion, with particular attention to an analytical technique, the Reflection Principle Method, which will be extensively used in this thesis. We will investigate the properties of Single File systems of diffusing particles in presence of two absorbing boundaries, with particular interest to the survival probability, i.e. the probability to find a particle between the boundaries at time t. We will provide an analytical solution of the emptying process, i.e. we calculate the probability characterizing the progressive decrease of the number of particles in the presence of absorbing boundaries, and for the survival probability of a Tagged Particle within the file, either in the presence or in the absence of a constant external force. We also characterize the trend of the characteristic survival times (also called Mean First Passage Times) as function of the system size and of the initial number of particles. We also investigate numerically the case when only the central particle is affected by the absorbing boundaries. We find an exponential decay of the survival probability, as it happens for normal diffusive processes, even in the presence of overcrowding. We will then introduce activity in a Single File system, through a Self-Propelled Particle model, for which we will provide a detailed characterization. In particular, within this model, particles can be either runners or tumblers, if their motion is dominated by straight runs or by changes of direction, respectively. Under Single File conditions, runners tend to form dynamical aggregates: these clusters are continuously formed and disassembled due to random fluctuations of the activity. For tumblers, the survival probabilities are still well described by the analytical theory developed for passive diffusing particles. Conversely, the formation of dynamical clusters enhances anomalous behaviours in the characteristic survival times of runners and induces a remarkable capacity to overcome the action of an external force." @default.
• W2276295732 created "2016-06-24" @default.
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• W2276295732 date "2014-01-30" @default.
• W2276295732 modified "2023-09-27" @default.
• W2276295732 title "Dynamical and collective properties of active and passive particles in Single File" @default.
• W2276295732 hasPublicationYear "2014" @default.
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