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- W2276716603 abstract "Voluntary contraceptive sterilization was legalized in Russia in the early 1990s after a long history of prohibition. During the years between the end of the 1930s and the early 1990s voluntary sterilization was clandestine. In practice, the period of prohibition came to an end only at the end of 1990, when the Order of the Ministry of Health of the USSR No. 484 on permission for surgical sterilization of women dated December 14, 1990, was published. The very limited official list of social and medical indications for which female sterilization was permitted included the following items: 3 or more children in the family, or over 30 years of age plus 2 children. A second version of the Order of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation (No 303) on providing medical sterilization to citizens was published on December 28, 1993. Sterilization was provided only after written agreement of any citizen no younger than 35 years, or if one had no fewer than 2 children. However, in the case of medical indications and with the agreement of the citizen it could be permitted without limitation by age and number of children. Additionally, this Order included similar instructions for sterilization of males. This current Order eliminated the previous Order of the Ministry of Health of the USSR No 484. For the first time medical sterilization was considered a method of family planning. Also for the first time the provision of sterilization was allowed for broad social reasons. The list of medical indications for sterilization now included more than 50 diseases and pathological disorders. It was possible to obtain the operation outside the place of residence. The number of operations increased from 7255 in 1991 to 9660 in 1992. However, the real increase in the number of sterilizations could be much higher because of a great deal of under-reporting, especially outside the big cities." @default.
- W2276716603 created "2016-06-24" @default.
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- W2276716603 date "1994-11-01" @default.
- W2276716603 modified "2023-09-23" @default.
- W2276716603 title "Sterilization in post-Soviet Russia." @default.
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