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• W2277171502 abstract "RESUME Depuis plusieurs annees, le transport durable et le role de l’automobile dans les grands centres urbains suscitent beaucoup d’interet. La congestion routiere, la pollution, les gaz a effet de serre, la consommation energetique et l’etalement urbain ont motive le developpement de nombreuses strategies qui visent a modifier le comportement des voyageurs, surtout a l’interieur des villes. En meme temps, les discussions concernant la meilleure facon de financer les grandes infrastructures en transport cherchent a trouver un compromis entre les principes d’efficacite et les principes d’equite. Cette these a comme objectif de contribuer, d’une maniere modeste, a ces discussions en clarifiant les enjeux entourant le « probleme » du transport routier.Le projet de recherche decrit dans cette these est fonde sur deux concepts deja bien documentes : une analyse des systemes de transport urbain totalement desagregee basee sur l’information, de meme que sur l’equite geopolitique en transport. Dans le cas actuel, l’analyse desagregee est appliquee a un sous-echantillon de l’enquete origine-destination de la grande region de Montreal effectue en 2003. Le concept d’equite geopolitique est applique a l’etude des 15 ponts qui relient la ville de Montreal au reseau routier nord-americain. Ces grandes infrastructures jouent un role essentiel de redistribution parmi les nombreuses municipalites qui font partie de la grande region metropolitaine. Outre la redistribution des personnes et des marchandises, les ponts permettent egalement la redistribution des couts externes du transport, specifiquement la congestion routiere, la pollution et le bruit. L’enquete origine-destination a demande a chaque conducteur d’indiquer lequel des ponts ils ont utilise pour completer leurs deplacements. Dans cette recherche, les reponses ont ete soigneusement examinees afin de construire un sous-echantillon valide des declarations de pont pour la periode de pointe du matin d’une journee moyenne de la semaine. Le sous-echantillon valide etait compose de 8 583 observations. En meme temps, un modele detaille du reseau routier, comprenant plus de 100,000 liens et 70,000 nœuds, a ete construit. Les liens etaient classifies par fonction et par juridiction (municipale, provinciale ou federale). Puisque ces simulations etaient basees sur l’approche totalement desagregee, elles ne comportent aucun systeme de zone, aucun centroide et aucune matrice origine-destination.----------ABSTRACT The past several years have witnessed a growing interest in sustainable urban transportation and a re-evaluation of the role of the automobile in large urban areas. Traffic congestion, air pollution, greenhouse gas emissions, energy consumption and urban sprawl are all topics that have stimulated the development of various strategies that aim to change the way people travel, especially within cities. At the same time, the issues surrounding the best way to finance major transportation infrastructure are framed in a debate about efficiency versus equity. This thesis proposes to contribute to these discussions by clarifying, to a modest degree, the “problem” of urban automobile travel.The research described in this dissertation is founded on two already-documented concepts: the totally disaggregate information-based approach to urban transportation simulation and geopolitical equity. Following the precepts of the former, this research uses data contained within the 2003 Montreal travel survey. With regard to the latter, the research subjects are the 15 bridges that connect the island-city of Montreal to the mainland. These infrastructure elements play a vital role in the redistribution, among the dozens of municipalities within the urban region, of people and goods and of the external costs of travel, particularly traffic congestion, air pollution and noise. The travel survey asked automobile drivers to indicate which major bridge they used over the course of their trip. Their responses were meticulously examined to construct a valid sub-sample of declarations describing bridge usage patterns during the a.m. peak period of a typical average weekday. The final sub-sample contained 8,583 observations. Meanwhile, a model road network of the Greater Montreal Area was constructed. This complete network contained over 100,000 links and 70,000 nodes. The links are categorized by functional class and by jurisdiction (municipal, provincial or federal). Since all the simulations are based on the totally disaggregate approach, there is no zone system, no centroids and no origin-destination matrix." @default.
• W2277171502 created "2016-06-24" @default.
• W2277171502 creator A5052069077 @default.
• W2277171502 date "2010-12-01" @default.
• W2277171502 modified "2023-09-27" @default.
• W2277171502 title "The assignment of trips to a road network for the analysis of equitable transport" @default.
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