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• W22792173 abstract "Introduction The telecommunications sector has become the economic engine as well as an enabler of social, educational and medical progress worldwide. Mobile phones are spreading ubiquitously across the planet (Kalba, 2008). There were 3.3 billion cell phone lines in the world in 2007, representing 72.1% of telecommunication lines in the world (ITU, 2008). The diffusion of mobile telephony in Africa has increased dramatically over the last few years. Growth has been due to a combination of increasing privatisation and the resulting competition among operators. There are more than 160 mobile license holders in Africa. The continent is now the world's fastest growing mobile market, a long way since the first cellular call in Zaire (now Democratic Republic of Congo) in 1987. The forces of market liberalization and deregulation of the sector are inexonerably moving Africa to a new and maybe irreversible commercial era. Independent regulatory bodies are being established to oversee the opening up of domestic telecommunications markets to enable private companies to compete against incumbents, resolve disputes, set interconnection rates, support fair competition and encourage growth. The level of competition in the sector is reflected by the following statistics (as at February, 2008): 26% of the African mobile markets had two mobile operators (duopoly), 61% had three (triopoly) or more operators and only 13% were a monopoly. Compounded Annual Growth Rate (CAGR) between the years 2002-2007 was 50.9%, compared to 27.2% for Asia, 20.1% for the Americas, 16.5% for Europe and 11.9 % for Oceania (ITU, 2008). The emergence in the last five years or so of predominantly African based, pan regional mobile network operators is another reason for high mobile growth on the continent. The number of customers in Africa rose from 37 million in 2002 to 271 million at the end of 2007, an astounding 632% growth rate. In the same period, the mobile penetration rate rose from 4.5% to 28.1%. What are the motives of the enterprise that have been fuelling this expansion? What level of financial resources do these enterprise hold? What market entry strategies have these companies been pursuing? What has been the geographical focus for the companies? How can these companies become more competitive? Research Problem This study attempts to answer these questions, by developing a framework to examine and analyze mobile telephony operators' international expansion on the continent. The key question to be answered in this enquiry is: What are the critical success factors of international expansion that influence mobile network operators in their international expansion efforts in Africa? The question is important because it has both theoretical and practical significance. The study proposes a multi-stage international expansion process framework that is useful for describing and analyzing the international expansion process. Purpose The aim of this study is to analyze international expansion in the mobile telephony industry in Africa. The study will culminate in the development of a framework to analyze this international expansion in order to gain insights into international expansion activities in Africa, given the cross-cultural nature of international expansion. The following six objectives flow from the broad objective of the study: 1. To establish the motives for international expansion by mobile telephony network operators 2. To explain the role and importance of resources in the international expansion process 3. To explain the key factors determining the choice of geographical locations where enterprises are investing. 4. To examine foreign market entry strategies (modes) used by the mobile network operators in entering foreign markets 5. To analyze the factors affecting performance of these enterprises in selected markets 6. …" @default.
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• W22792173 date "2009-01-01" @default.
• W22792173 modified "2023-09-23" @default.
• W22792173 title "Determining Critical Success Factors of International Expansion in African Telephony Industry" @default.
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