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- W2279314998 abstract "Existing referendum studies predominantly focus on a limited number of referendums, mostly restricted to a specific country or subject. In this paper, we present a way of studying referendums over time and political settings, focusing on the relation between elites’ and voters’ position. Specifically, we focus on the prevalence of ‘electoral upsets’, in which voters reject the position taken by an elite majority. Studying 450 referendums on the national and subnational levels in seven countries, we come to the conclusion that electoral upsets are more likely when the elite shows strong internal divisions. Tentative evidence is also found that upsets become more likely when the elite advocates a change in the status quo, in settings where referendums are relatively uncommon, when subjects related to institutional questions are involved, and when subjects not related to the socio-economic debate are involved." @default.
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- W2279314998 date "2014-01-01" @default.
- W2279314998 modified "2023-09-24" @default.
- W2279314998 title "Party Elites in Referendum Campaigns: Involuntary Subjects or Skilful Puppeteers?" @default.
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