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• W2279492467 abstract "The majority of the worlds developed countries (which hold 1/4 of the worlds population) either have very fertility--less than 2 children/woman on the average or soon will have. When birth rates of this level remain static a countrys population decreases in size sooner or later (barring immigration). This fact may be viewed with alarm both in and out of government since a decrease in population size may be seen as a bad thing leading to a loss of stature and/or power or otherwise fanning xenophobic concerns. Such alarm is not inevitable but it does seem to crop up regularly. When the fact of impending population decrease becomes apparent a governments actions can often be dictated by its customary relationship to its people. In more authoritarian countries governments may feel freer to take action to influence fertility with plainly stated objectives; in other countries measures such as child allowances maternity leave may be implemented as part of a more subtle policy. In some countries it may be politically impossible for the government to even try to influence womens childbearing; most would agree that the US falls in this category. The classification of countries policies into a few short categories such as in the table at right is always a murky process. It seems fairly safe to say that the US and Canada have no fertility policy but how does 1 classify Czechoslovakia? The Czech government in the early 1970s was concerned about the falling birth rate and took steps to increase the fertility level but recently appears to have shifted to a policy of no intervention. In Finland the government also regards current population growth as satisfactory. However specific targets for population size were set in 1975 stipulating that the population size of each Finnish county should not decrease. Since Finnish fertility is only 1.6 children/woman at present the countrys population is almost certain to start decreasing before long; thus there appears to be a slight contradiction in Finlands population policy. In the USSR the government views population growth as too low but in fact the USSR is only truly concerned about the birth rate of ethnic Russians not Moslem Asians in the country. In most developed countries access to family planning is not restricted although in Albania Greece Ireland Romania and the USSR it is not always simple to obtain. In developed countries the reason services are provided is not to lower the birth rate but to improve maternal and child health and overall family welfare. (full text)" @default.
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• W2279492467 title "The developed countries: a population policy summary." @default.
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