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- W2279676571 abstract "BACKGROUND The Surface Water Treatment Rule (SWTR) (June 1989) requires that all surface water treatment facilities provide adequate filtration and disinfection in order to achieve a 99.9 percent removal/inactivation of Giardia lamblia cysts and a 99.99 percent removal/inactivation of enteric viruses. SWTR assumes that for effective filtration, a conventional treatment plant is achieving 2.5 log removal of Giardia and a 2 log removal of viruses, with the remainder of removal/inactivation achieved by disinfection. Currently disinfection credit is awarded where is defined as the residual disinfectant concentration (C, mg/L) multiplied by the contact time (T, minutes) between the point of disinfectant application and the point of residual measurement. The SWTR Guidance Manual provides CT tables for several disinfectants, which indicate the specific disinfection, or CT credit, which will be awarded for a calculated value of CT. A large safety factor is incorporated into the CT values included in the Guidance Manual tables. In addition to relying on the CT tables to calculate disinfection credit, the SWTR allows utilities to demonstrate the effectiveness of their disinfection systems through performance of pilot-scale studies, which can lead to a large expense, perhaps prohibitively so for smaller operations." @default.
- W2279676571 created "2016-06-24" @default.
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- W2279676571 date "2010-01-01" @default.
- W2279676571 modified "2023-09-23" @default.
- W2279676571 title "Experimental Methodologies for the Determination of Disinfection Effectiveness" @default.
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