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• W2280334244 abstract "Excess of nutrient due to the extensive use of chemical fertilizers in agriculture can be mediated by the creation of wetland systems as buffer zones (Comin et al., 1997; Reed et al., 1988). These functions of wetland systems are especially attractive as crop output in the United State has been augmented by an increasing reliance on commercial fertilizers to maximize yields and pesticides-herbicides to control pests and weeds. Farmers also tend to over-fertilize their fields to assure that nutrient levels are not a limiting factor in good weather years (Tonderski, 1996). Such intensified farming practices accounted for 98% of the food production increase that has occurred over the last thirty years in the industrialized nations (WDR, 1992). It is estimated that 50-70 percent of all nutrients that reach surface waters originate on agricultural land (Jahn and Schenck, 1991). Because of the high quantities of phosphorus and nitrogen in most crop-lands, the ability of wetlands to retain these nutrients is particularly important in the agricultural setting (Vaithiyanathan and Correl, 1992). The major phosphorus storage pools in a wetland system are the litter and sediment (Richardson and Marshall, 1986). Most wetlands are effective sinks only at low phosphorus loading rates and at low hydraulic flow rates. If the phosphorus input rate exceeds the long-term sink capacity, the wetland will eventually act as a downstream source (Richardson et al., 1997). Wetlands that experience frequent drawdowns, whether by natural or artificial processes, also are known to release sorbed phosphorus (Olila et al., 1997). Drawdowns, however, can lead to an increased consolidation of newly deposited materials and an increase in the rate of new soil build-up (Coveny et al., 1994). The primary form of mineralized nitrogen in most flooded wetland soils is the ammonium ion. The ammonium-nitrogen is oxidized (nitrification) in a thin layer present at the soil surface of most wetlands or in the oxidized rhizospheres of plants into nitrate-nitrite. The nitrate ion (NO3-) is not prone to immobilization by soil particles, as it is negatively charged. Rather, nitrate is removed from the water column by direct plant assimilation, reduction to ammonia, or conversion to N2O or N2 gas (denitrification). It is evident therefore that a balance between wetland design and management techniques must be achieved in order to maximize the effectiveness of the wetland’s nutrient retention capabilities. This case study examines the effectiveness of a small newly constructed wetland to change water quality, particularly with regards to nitrogen and phosphorus. To achieve this objective, both the change in water chemistry and the hydrology of the wetland were examined." @default.
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• W2280334244 date "2000-01-01" @default.
• W2280334244 modified "2023-09-27" @default.
• W2280334244 title "Effectiveness of a newly constructed wetland on agricultural run-off" @default.
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