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• W2280477524 abstract "Multichannel cochlear implant (CI) devices partially restore the auditory sensation in children affected by congenital, bilateral, and severe-to-profound sensorineural hearing loss, especially in the absence of background noise, provided that CI surgery takes place during the sensitive period for maturation of the auditory pathways, which is presumed to end at 3.5 years [Sharma et al. 2002abc, 2005, 2007; 2009; Gilley et al. 2008].A few previous studies on Italian pediatric CI users investigated the general auditory abilities as well as the speech intelligibility of deaf children [cf. Santarelli et al. 2009; Colletti et al. 2012; Caselli et al. 2012; Martines et al. 2013], by using the usual tests administered by speech therapists. Plenty of previous studies investigated detection, categorization, and discrimination of speech sounds, both consonants and vowels, at the cortical level (automatically), in CI children exposed to languages other than Italian, such English [Kileny et al. 1997; Sharma et al. 2002abc, 2005, 2007; 2009; Gilley et al. 2008; Henkin et al. 2008], Dutch [Beynon et al. 2002], German [Ortmann et al. 2013], Hebrew [Singh et al. 2004], and Croatian [Munivrana & Mildner 2013]. As compared to the above-mentioned studies, the present research introduces three methodological innovations: i) it investigates the processing of vowels; ii) it relies on natural speech stimuli, only minimally normalized; and iii) it combines the use of behavioral measures (e.g., tests of categorization and discrimination of speech sounds, administered attentively) with the use of neurophysiological measures (e.g., the EEG recording for subsequent extraction of the auditory ERPs indexing speech sound detection, categorization, and discrimination). The present study investigates the processing of single vowels (e.g., /u/, /i/, /e/, /o/, /a/) as well as of same-vowel pairs (e.g., /u/-/u/, /i/-/i/, /e/-/e/, /o/-/o/, /a/-/a/) and of different-vowel pairs (e.g., /u/-/i/, /i/-/u/, /e/-/i/, /i/-/e/, /o/-/a/, /a/-/o/) at the behavioral (e.g., conscious) and at the neurophysiological (e.g., automatic) levels in a group of deaf Italian children implanted during the sensitive period for central auditory maturation (range of age at surgery: 2.1 – 4.4 years) and who had been using their CI for at least 2 years (range of duration of CI stimulation: 2.4 – 8.1 years). At the behavioral level, tests of vowel detection and of vowel categorization were administered. At the neurophysiological level, the EEG activity was passively recorded when children were watching a silent movie while hearing vowel stimuli on the background. Subsequently, the P1, N1, and MMN responses of the auditory ERPs are the neural correlates of (speech) sound detection, categorization, and discrimination, in turn, were extracted. The vowel processing performance of the CI children will be compared against the performance exhibited by a group of normal-hearing (NH) children matched for biological age with the CI children. This study also investigated whether, and to what extent, some external factors were able to constrain vowel processing at the behavioral and neurophysiological level in CI children. These factors are the following ones: i) vowel quality; ii) the articulatory characteristics of the five vowels; iii) the larger vs. smaller Euclidean distance characterizing the vowel pairs; iv) the different distinctive feature specification and, more particularly, the direction of change in the distinctive feature specification between the first and the second vowel of each pair; v) the earlier vs. later age at surgery; and vi) the longer vs. shorter duration of CI use.The main findings of the present study are the following ones. First, the main difference between the behavioral and the neurophysiological levels of processing in CI children consists in the fact that the processing of vowel pairs is partially impaired for accuracy only at the behavioral level, whereas the processing of single vowels is partially impaired for accuracy, and rarely delayed, only at the neurophysiological level. Second, at the neurophysiological level, CI children are impaired at the auditory, not at the cognitive, level. In fact, in spite of typically being less accurate in detection and categorization of single vowels, CI children are not impaired in the processing of vowel pairs. Third, age at surgery and duration of implant stimulation are irrelevant for behavioral vowel processing, whereas they constrain cortical vowel processing, although not systematically: deaf children implanted before 3.4 years and/or who had been using their CI for at least 5.8 years may process single vowels as well as vowel pairs faster and more accurately. Vowel quality, the articulatory characteristics of the five vowels, the Euclidean, and the direction of change in the distinctive feature specification, on the other hand, turn out to be irrelevant in constraining vowel processing either at the behavioral and at the neurophysiological level." @default.
• W2280477524 created "2016-06-24" @default.
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• W2280477524 date "2014-10-02" @default.
• W2280477524 modified "2023-09-24" @default.
• W2280477524 title "Vowel processing in Italian pediatric cochlear-implant users: A behavioral and neurophysiological study" @default.
• W2280477524 hasPublicationYear "2014" @default.
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