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• W2282851592 abstract "[A special regime for the prosecution of atrocities has been set up by the United Nations in East Timor. A panel of judges of the District Court of Dili, known as the Special Panel, is currently trying those accused of committing offences such as crimes against humanity, torture and violations of the Indonesian Penal Code. This paper examines the early jurisprudence that is emerging from the decisions of the Special Panel and East Timor's Court of Appeal in these cases. Public and international expectation was that they would be tried as international crimes, but the vast majority have controversially been pursued as violations of domestic law. This article therefore focuses on the issue of whether these cases would have been more appropriately pursued as violations of international humanitarian or international criminal law, most notably as war crimes or crimes against humanity.] I INTRODUCTION After hundreds of years of colonisation and occupation, East Timor is well on its way towards nationhood. Addressing its bloody history is a key part of that journey. Amid persistent calls for the creation of an international tribunal to prosecute those responsible for atrocities during Indonesia's 24 year occupation (1) and, in particular, the massive violations of human rights that occurred after the East Timorese exercised their right to reject autonomy within Indonesia in a United Nations sponsored referendum on 30 August 1999, the United Nations Transitional Administration in East Timor (`UNTAET') has commenced with its own mechanism for bringing those responsible to justice. The chosen venue for this is the District Court of Dili, whose Special Panel of East Timorese and international judges has exclusive jurisdiction over cases which involve what have been collectively named `Serious Crimes'. (2) In addition, a Commission for Reception, Truth and Reconciliation has recently been established to investigate the pattern and scope of historical human rights violations in East Timor, and facilitate the return and community acceptance of East Timorese perpetrators of lesser crimes through amnesties. (3) UNTAET was established as a peacekeeping mission by the Security Council in Resolution 1272. (4) It is the successor to the United Nations Mission to East Timor (`UNAMET'), which organised and oversaw the 30 August 1999 referendum that paved the way for East Timor's freedom, (5) and to the Australian-led international force created to restore law and order after the violence of September 1999. (6) UNTAET is tasked with taking East Timor to independence. Through the Transitional Administrator, it exercises all legislative and executive authority, including the administration of justice. It is responsible for ensuring security, maintaining law and order, establishing an effective administration, supporting capacity-building for self-government and assisting in the establishment of conditions for sustainable development. (7) Now in the final months of its mandate, UNTAET operates in a unique power-sharing arrangement with the East Timor Transitional Administration, which has taken over responsibility for the administration of the courts. (8) Almost two years have been spent in creating a criminal justice system out of the rubble left by the departing Indonesian forces and the trials in relation to the 1999 atrocities are now well underway. The entire process is historic, for despite international domination of the process, never before have East Timorese judges sat in judgment over their fellow people, and never before have East Timorese prosecutors and defence lawyers appeared as legal professionals in their own land. This paper will examine the first two Serious Crimes judgments to be delivered by the Special Panel of the District Court of Dili, both involving incidents that arose in the course of the September 1999 violence. These cases are of Joao Fernandes and Julio Fernandes, both of whom are East Timorese. …" @default.
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• W2282851592 date "2001-12-01" @default.
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• W2282851592 title "Prosecuting Atrocities at the District Court of Dili" @default.
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