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- W2283671041 abstract "Refugees in Grafton Sierra Leone will soon be going home. To celebrate the upcoming move refugee women have been engaging in the ancestral communal ritual of Bondo. Since Christmas as many as 600 women in one refugee camp have communed in small groups for a week or two at a time to dance drink feast share lessons about womanhood and have their external genitals cut off. Long practiced the Bondo ceremony was traditionally part of an exclusive female secret society which unlike most tribal rites in Africa brought Sierra Leonian women together across ethnic and religious lines. It has been estimated that in less than 1 month 4000 or more women in neighboring refugee camps have engaged in the Bondo ritual in preparation for their return to rural homes. Bondo and the female genital mutilation (FGM) which is part of the ceremony is deeply entrenched and supported by the overwhelming majority of women in Sierra Leone. By some estimates as many as 90% of the countrys women have undergone FGM. In many other parts of Africa however FGM is under siege and in retreat in the face of new legislation against the practice education targeted to women and even preaching against the ritual by Muslim clerics." @default.
- W2283671041 created "2016-06-24" @default.
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- W2283671041 date "1997-01-01" @default.
- W2283671041 modified "2023-09-26" @default.
- W2283671041 title "The ritual: disfiguring hurtful wildly festive. Grafton journal." @default.
- W2283671041 hasPublicationYear "1997" @default.
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