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• W228532308 abstract "ABSTRACT There is still limited knowledge about the interrelations among sport-related stress, aggression towards peers, self-efficacy, and training. This study is aimed at investigating the relationships among a) stress, self-efficacy and aggression in adolescents; b) adolescents' self-regulatory efficacy and coaches' self-efficacy. The sample of adolescents consisted of 159 players of both genders, age 11 to 18 years, practicing different kinds of activities in the northwest of Italy, who completed the questionnaire Me, my health and sport (Ciairano, Molinengo, Rabaglietti, & Roggero, 2005). The sample of their coaches consisted of 28 subjects, age 21 to 62 years. The higher the adolescents' self-regulatory efficacy, the lower the physical aggression towards peers. No direct relationship between sport-related stress and aggression was found. Further, the higher the coaches' self-efficacy with respect to preventing adolescent risk behaviours, having good relationships with the adolescents and involving them in sport, the higher the adolescents' self-regulatory efficacy. We also found a positive relationship between the adolescents' aggression and playing soccer (football) and a negative relationship between playing soccer and the adolescents' self-regulatory efficacy. These findings stressed the importance of promoting adequate physical and activities among youth and suggested the need to further improve the quality of coaches' education. KEYWORDS: sport, stress, regulatory self-efficacy, coach, aggression. INTRODUCTION Some adolescents are physically aggressive towards their peers while others are not. Why? Of those who behave aggressively, most stop their aggressive relationships early on, while for a small number of adolescents, aggressive relationships remain stable over a longer period of time. For an even smaller number, aggressive behaviour continues even after having overcome the transition to adulthood and is often carried over into marital and parental relationships. Moffitt (1993) argued that two different developmental paths exist for people displaying either adolescent-limited or life-course-persistent aggression. The former is related to temporary conditions of distress while the latter is tied to stable conditions of individual and/or environmental maladjustment. Most of the studies investigating the particular conditions of individual or environmental weakness that are able to predict long-lasting aggressive behaviour have concentrated primarily on individual temperamental characteristics or on environmental or structural conditions, which are difficult to modify. Among the other contextual condition, we are interested in investigating the relationships between practicing and aggressive behaviours. Beginning with the study on Frustration and Aggression by Dollard and colleagues (Dollard, Doob, Miller, Mowrer, & Sears, 1939), numerous studies have investigated the possible relationship between sport, particularly stress related to highly competitive situations, and aggression. Most of these have concentrated on two models of functioning. In the first model, despite the high level of stress involved in competition, is related to lower aggression because players are able to act out their aggression in a regulated and socially acceptable way during competition (Lorenz, 1963; Ryan, 1970). In the second model, sport-related stress is tied to higher aggression due to the high level of frustration felt by the players (or fans), which leads to more primitive responses to social cues, among them aggressive behaviours (Feshbach, 1970; Harrell, 1981). Despite numerous attempts to prove these two models, no definite answers have been found, particularly with respect to the possible cathartic effect of (Hokanson, 1970; Leith, 1982; Pearton & Gaskell, 1982; Dunnning, 1983; Luschen, 1983). However, based on the theoretical framework of Social Cognitive Theory and the principle of human agency (Bandura, 1977) we feel that it is time to propose an alternative model. …" @default.
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• W228532308 date "2007-03-01" @default.
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• W228532308 title "Sport, Stress, Self-Efficacy and Aggression towards Peers: Unravelling the Role of the Coach" @default.
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