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- W2285890288 abstract "The World Health Organization has estimated that around 80 million women use oral contraceptives (OCs) worldwide and another 180-200 million are ever users. Already in 1961 there was a report about pulmonary embolism in an OC user and subsequently numerous studies linked higher dose OC use to adverse circulatory and cardiovascular effects. These risks however have not been noticed in low-dose preparations that have been used in East Germany only for a few years. The association of OC use and circulatory complications has been established in studies in the UK and the US but these risks do not evince a statistical relationship in the female population of East Germany. The use of OCs increases the relative risk of an acute myocardial infarction by about 2.5 times and even more for women who are over 30 and smoke. A multicenter study performed in East Germany during 1981 and 1984 did not indicate an increased risk for chronic ischemic heart disease although the sample was small. Empirical evidence from 11 international studies shows that the average risk of a cerebral ischemia under OC use is 3.5 times higher whereas the risk of cerebral bleeding is only 1.5 times higher. A study carried out in the 1980s in East Germany however did not show either total or age-specific increased risk for cerebrovascular accidents. The risk of idiopathic pulmonary embolism is 6-7 times higher with the use of earlier high estrogen-dose OCs. The existing OCs with an estrogen dose of 30 mcg do not seem to pose such a risk. In a 1984 case control study in East Germany a significant twice higher risk of thromboembolism was found with OC use however when patients with thromboembolic diseases in their anamnesis were excluded the risk was no longer demonstrable. In all the benefits of OCs outweigh the risks." @default.
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- W2285890288 date "1990-01-01" @default.
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- W2285890288 title "[Cardiovascular diseases with oral contraceptives: risks and benefits]." @default.
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