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- W2286652401 abstract "The neighbourhood scale is recognised as being the connection between the street and the city scale. The present challenge in urban air quality context is the prediction, using simple models, of wind velocity profiles which take into account building morphology and layout. In this work a simple model to predict the spatially averaged flow field over real urban neighbourhoods is presented, based on the momentum balance between the inertial and the urban canopy layer. The buildings within the canopy were represented as a canopy element drag formulated in terms of the known morphological parameters λp and λf (the planar and frontal area density of buildings). These parameters were derived from a Digital Elevation Model (DEM). The nature of the model, being based on spatially averaged entities, is such that is suitable for inclusion into operational dispersion models for assessing urban air quality. INTRODUCTION Urban areas encompass a large number of neighbourhoods, which may in turn contain areas with similar surface characteristics. At a typical neighbourhood scale (up to about 5 km) the flow and pollutant dispersion can be modelled using spatially averaged approaches, where the buildings are considered as creating a region of porous resistance to the flow (Britter, R.E. and S. Hanna, 2003). In the present work, a simple model to estimate spatially averaged velocity profiles in real cities was adopted. Variation in height of λf, derived from the analysis of DEMs, was taken into account. The use of DEM methodology provided a powerful tool for a statistical treatment of the urban canopy layer in terms of morphological parameters. Capability of the model in modelling real flow patterns was evaluated using published data from wind and water tunnel experiments over array of cubes. METHODOLOGY The starting point of this work was the model introduced by Cionco (1969) for a vegetative canopy and successively adopted by Macdonald, R.W. (2000) for application to urban-type of roughness, intended as array of cubes. The model was based on the momentum balance between the urban canopy layer and the atmosphere above, expressed in terms of the drag force exerted by the buildings on the wind flow as:" @default.
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- W2286652401 date "2007-07-05" @default.
- W2286652401 modified "2023-09-27" @default.
- W2286652401 title "Modelling the flow within and above the Urban Canopy Layer" @default.
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