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- W2287016439 abstract "The first “official” assault of the Bolsheviks against religion was carried outagainst the institution of the Russian Orthodox Church from 1918-1921, during the civilwar period in Soviet Russia. The assault was two-pronged, consisting of legal measuresand a propaganda campaign against the Church and its leaders, consisting of clergy andlaymen, who were collectively termed as “churchmen.” Of the legal measures, the mostimportant was the decree on the separation of the Church from the State, which deprivedthe institutional Church of its former privileges, income, and property. When the Churchleaders reacted protested the violence and bloodshed caused by the revolutionaries aswell as the new conditions imposed by the decree on the separation of the Church fromthe State, the Bolsheviks claimed they had declared a “holy war” against the regime andhad instigated a “holy counter-revolution” to overthrow it.The Bolsheviks sought to discredit the Church leaders through a slanderouspropaganda campaign in newspapers that denounced them as monarchists andreactionaries. In early 1918, churchmen began appearing before revolutionary tribunals,which had been established in November 1917 to combat counter-revolutionaryactivities. The tribunals existed alongside the All-Russian Extraordinary Commission, orCheka, which shot thousands of people, including churchmen, on an extrajudicial basiswithout trial. The revolutionary tribunals received the right to use the death penalty inJune 1918; however, their primary purpose with regard to the Church was not to kill offchurchmen, but to discredit them in the eyes of the people.Although exact statistics were not kept during as to the total number of trialsinvolving churchmen, the chief accuser of the tribunals, Nikolai Vasilievich Krylenko,declared in January 1920 that such trials had been heard in nearly every revolutionarytribunal of Soviet Russia. The trials of the churchmen were considered by Sovietscholars to have been instrumental in breaking the back of the Church counter-revolutionand contributing to the break-away of the masses from religious belief. While the Churchwas undeniably weakened as an institution during the civil war years, this was probablydue more to other factors, with the trials playing only a minor role. The trials played aslightly more important role in conveying the Bolshevik views on religion to the masses,which resulted in a reduction of overt religious displays in public life. They also helpedchanged the behavior of the churchmen, who never again challenged the authority of theSoviet State." @default.
- W2287016439 created "2016-06-24" @default.
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- W2287016439 date "2009-09-25" @default.
- W2287016439 modified "2023-09-24" @default.
- W2287016439 title "Holy Counter-Revolution on Trial: The Russian Orthodox Church and the Bolshevik State, 1918-1921" @default.
- W2287016439 hasPublicationYear "2009" @default.
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