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• W2287228393 abstract "The thesis concerns different arguments of research, but strictly related between them. All the activities of research were carried out simultaneously during the period of study. The aim is to provide a more accurate rainfall estimation in mountainous areas, improving the capability to detect intense events leading to flash floods Another object is to investigate the role of rainfall spatial variability in flash flood triggering. Flash floods are caused by heavy precipitation over small area (usually not bigger than 500 km2), and have a timescale that normally does not exceed 12 hours. What makes flash flood very dangerous is their sudden nature. They cause great damages to the human activities.In order to reduce their effects and to get a real-time system monitoring, it is necessary to have an instrument that allows to have a spatial resolution of the data, that the conventional weather stations network not guarantees. For these reasons in recent decades had a strong diffusion the meteorological radar; this tool allows to locate the precipitation and to calculate the intensity of rain in real- time, with a resolution that no other instruments might reach.The meteorological forecasters use this instrument to provide short-time forecasts, named nowcasting (1-3 hours). For such short interval time the mathematical models are useless, and the only instruments that support the forecasters are the data from satellite and the rain maps from the radar.Radar data are unfortunately affected by several sources of error; between them the main important are the occlusion, the ground clutter, the attenuation, the vertical variation of the reflectivity. By using double-polarimetric radar operating at low wavelenght (X-band radar) is possible to reduce the effects of these errors, acquiring more accurate data than the ones provided by the traditional tool. A part of this work of thesis aims to assess if the eventual introduction of this new technology (double polarimetric radar operating at low wavelengths) in the Alpine area might ensure more accurate rain estimation. This instrument were tested during the summer of 2007 in Folgaria, and it was used in different conditions to monitorate the events over several hydrological basins. On the same area are available the data collected by two C-band radar, one managed by the Provincia Autonoma of Trento, and the other one by the Veneto Region. The aim of the study is to evaluate the advantages/disadvantages of these different technologies, and finally to set if by using this X-band polarimetric radar, would be possible to get a better description of the rainfall patterns, and to improve the predictability of flood events.The meteorological precipitations detected in real-time works as input for the hydrological models, that operate a simplification of the real processes to obtain a discharge hydrograph for different closing sections. The accuracy of the input data allows to improve the flood predictability and to reduce the catastrophic impacts that these event have on human activities.Within the present work the efforts have been focused in understanding the dynamics underlying the generation of a flood hydrograph; systematic studies were carried out to describe the accuracy of rainfall volumes at basin scale and the effect of spatial variability within the basin. The analysis focused on the flash flood event that affected the Weisseritz Region (Saxony) in the summer of 2002. Some statistics were applied that allow to put in direct relation the rainfall distribution, the shape of the basin, and their influence on the hydrograms at the closing section.Particularly, in a place with the characteristics of the pre-Alpine area, orography strongly influences the rainfall distribution. The events are mostly concentrated in the basins that are affected by a great increase of the precipitation with the altitude. The meteorological radar often describes only partially the precipitation in the mountain regions, because the beam, along its propagation path, can be occluded by orography.It often happens then, that the weather stations are located in the valleys, where the majority of the population lives, and where it is easier for the person assigned to control their working. For this reason, particularly in the last year of the studies, the efforts have been mainly focused in detecting some methodologies that might allow to estimate correctly the lapse rate of the precipitation (even in places where there are no rainfall measurements i.e. high mountains), and the total volumes of rain. The methodology uses the data collected by the tradition weather network, and allows to calculate rainfall maps for the whole territoryThe remainder of this dissertation is organised as follows:Chapter 1 → Short description of the main topics selected. Bibliography on the different arguments. Methodology applied to study flash flood events; what has been dome to mitigate the effects of these catastrophic events, and how to improve in understanding their dynamics. Chapter 2 → The meteorological radar. Data acquiring and processing. Most common errors. The double-polarimetric radar. The measure campaign of Folgaria: short description of the basin object of the analysis and events selected. Procedures and algorithms to correct the data. Different algorithms used and comparison. Analysis of the results and some statistics calculated by merging radar data and conventional raingauge network. Significant advantages incoming from this new technology.Chapter 3 → The Hydrological model KLEM. Characteristic of the model and simplifications. An hydrological event in the Weisseritz: short description of the characteristics of the basin and of the flash flood event of the summer of 2002. The application of the hydrological model. The role of rainfall spatial variability in flash flood triggering .Statistics to describe the relationship between the variability catchment scale and the rainfall distribution. Comments and conclusions Chapter 4 → Alto Adige: brief description of the territory and development of a methodology of spatialisation from the rainfall data. Underestimation of snowfall. Calculation of the rain maps. Verification of the results, comparing the estimated rainfall and the flow rates for different closing sections throughout the Province. The introduction of some additional weather stations of Austria, and its effect in achieving a more accurate estimate of the precipitation lapse rate. Possible future developments" @default.
• W2287228393 created "2016-06-24" @default.
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• W2287228393 date "2011-01-31" @default.
• W2287228393 modified "2023-09-27" @default.
• W2287228393 title "Radar estimation of precipitation space-time variability in mountainous basins." @default.
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