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• W2287424562 abstract "Pressure-retarded osmosis (PRO) is a promising source of renewable energy when hypersaline brines and other high concentration solutions are used. However, membrane performance under conditions suitable for these solutions is poorly understood. In this work, we use a new method to characterize membranes under a variety of pressures and concentrations, including hydraulic pressures up to 48.3 bar and concentrations of up to 3 M NaCl. We find membrane selectivity decreases as the draw solution concentration is increased, with the salt permeability coefficient increasing by a factor of 2 when the draw concentration is changed from 0.6 to 3 M NaCl, even when the applied hydraulic pressure is maintained constant. Additionally, we find that significant pumping energy is required to overcome frictional pressure losses in the spacer-filled feed channel and achieve suitable mass transfer on the feed side of the membrane, especially at high operating pressures. For a meter-long module operating at 41 bar, we estimate feedwater will have to be pumped in at a pressure of at least 3 bar. Both the reduced selectivity and increased pumping energy requirements we observe in PRO will significantly diminish the obtainable net energy, highlighting important new challenges for development of systems utilizing hypersaline draw solutions." @default.
• W2287424562 created "2016-06-24" @default.
• W2287424562 creator A5006270385 @default.
• W2287424562 creator A5055651880 @default.
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• W2287424562 date "2015-10-02" @default.
• W2287424562 modified "2023-09-29" @default.
• W2287424562 title "Selectivity and Mass Transfer Limitations in Pressure-Retarded Osmosis at High Concentrations and Increased Operating Pressures" @default.
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• W2287424562 doi "https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.5b01317" @default.
• W2287424562 hasPubMedId "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26393282" @default.
• W2287424562 hasPublicationYear "2015" @default.
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