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• W2287539956 abstract "The objective of this study was to investigate a multifunctional system under high- to hyper-velocity impact loading. This multifunctional system is a plate structure that, in addition to its load bearing function, has the ability of self-repairing holes generated by impacts. In order to achieve multiple functionality the panel consists of several different layers, each having a specific task, and thus primary contributing to a specific function of the entire multifunctional structure system. From a structural point of view this multifunctional system can be considered as a multilayer plate. From a functional perspective the panel layers can be divided in two groups: structural layer and self-healing layer. Each layer can occur once or more in a panel configuration. The performance of the multifunctional structure depends on the number of layers, the mechanical and physical properties of the individual layers, layer thickness and on the arrangement of the various layers in a multifunctional structure.The multifunctional system investigated in this work consists of one self-healing layer and one or two structural layers. To provide the structural system with the ability to seal holes generated by perforating impacts a layer of ethylene-co-methacrylic acid ionomer was used in a multifunctional system. These ionomers have been observed to self-heal following ballistic puncture and such a response is an inherent behaviour of those materials, therefore no external intervention is necessary in the self-healing process. For the structural layers, plates made of composite materials were used. Two slightly different structural layers were investigated. One is a laminate made entirely of carbon fibre reinforced plastics, while the other is a carbon fibre laminate with aramid fabric/epoxy resin composite layers attached to its front and back face. These two structural layers and the ionomer layer were combined to form several configurations of multifunctional panels. The different configurations, including also the individual layers alone, were tested under impact loading. Tests on the ionomer alone were performed to study its protection capability for bumper applications. For this purpose tests on aluminium plates were also performed and the results were compared to those of the ionomer. The protection capability was evaluated by studying the damage on witness plates and the momentum transferred to them. The composite structural layers for the multifunctional structure were tested individually and their behaviour was compared with that of the ionomer self-healing layer. Multifunctional panel configurations consisting of two and three layers were also tested. The impact behaviour and the comparison of the various configurations were characterized through the momentum transfer to the witness plate, the fragments velocities in the debris cloud, the damage in the layers, in certain cases the damage on the witness plate was also used. Several instruments were used to measure the relevant quantities. A ballistic pendulum was used to estimate the momentum of the debris cloud. A high-speed video camera was employed to film the impact tests, which enabled the measurement of fragments velocities by a dedicated software. An ultrasound flaw detector was applied for delamination damage detection in the composite material. Superficial damage was inspected visually. Learning how to use the ultrasound flaw detector and the high-speed video camera was an integral part of the PhD work that required a considerable amount of time.The self-healing of the ionomer was checked for all tests by visually examining the ionomer samples.The experiments were conducted at the CISAS impact facility, using a two stage light gas gun. The impact velocities in the experimental tests ranged from ~1.0 to ~4.0 km/s. Aluminium spherical projectiles were used, and ranged in diameter from 1.5 to 5.6 mm. Numerical simulations of the experimental tests on the individual layers were performed and the results were compared. The numerical simulations were performed with the commercially available ‘hydrocode’ Ansys Autodyn." @default.
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• W2287539956 date "2014-07-31" @default.
• W2287539956 modified "2023-09-27" @default.
• W2287539956 title "Impact behaviour of multifunctional panels" @default.
• W2287539956 hasPublicationYear "2014" @default.
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