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- W2287671129 abstract "Supported by numerous empirical studies on judicial hierarchies and panel effects, Positive Political Theory (PPT) suggests that judges engage in strategic use of opinion content – legal instruments (i.e., the grounds for decision), the doctrines employed in a case, and citations to legislative history used to support decisions – to further the policy outcomes preferred by the decisionmaking judge or group of judges. In this study, we employ linguistic theory to study the strategic use of opinion content at a more granular level to see whether the specific word choices judges make in their opinions is consistent with the competitive institutional story of PPT regarding judicial hierarchies and panel effects. In particular, this article examines the judges’ pragmatic use of the linguistic operation known as “hedging” as well as its inverse operation of “intensifying.” Hedging language serves to enlarge the truth set for a particular proposition, rendering it less definite and therefore less assailable. The use of a verb such as “may” instead of “does” is one example, or the use of “approximately” to describe a measurement is another. By contrast, intensifiers such as “clearly” or “extremely” restrict the possible truth-value of a proposition and make a statement more susceptible to falsification. Based on the linguistic research into the use of hedges, and insights from PPT, we hypothesize that district court judges not ideologically aligned with the majority of the overseeing circuit judges use more hedging language in their legal reasoning and more intensifiers in their factual findings in order to insulate these rulings from reversal. We test the theory empirically by analyzing constitutional criminal procedure, racial and sexual discrimination, and environmental opinions in the federal district courts from 1998-2001. Our results demonstrate a statistically significant increase in the use of certain types of language as the ideological distance between a district court judge and the overseeing circuit court judges increases. The parole of our judicial system occurs in written opinions, and this study demonstrates that the precise form of that language depends significantly on the positive political context of individual judges." @default.
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- W2287671129 date "2012-04-09" @default.
- W2287671129 modified "2023-09-23" @default.
- W2287671129 title "The Execution of Judicial Discourse: A Positive Political Theory and Empirical Analysis of Strategic Word Choice in District Court Opinions" @default.
- W2287671129 hasPublicationYear "2012" @default.
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