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- W2288576504 abstract "To date, much of the business groups(BGs) literature has focused on mature and/or economically more important types of groups in their respective markets such as the chaebol (jae-bul) in South Korea, the quanxi qiye in Taiwan, the konglomerat in Indonesia, the family business groups in India, the family holdings in Turkey, the grupos economicos in Latin America, the twenty-two families of Pakistan, financial-industrial groups or FIGs (semibankirschchina) in Russia, and the qiye jituan in China. Yet, more recent analyses of BGs recognize distinct types of BGs which emerge in the same markets but differ in terms of their performances and a variety of organizational characteristics such as age, size, scope, ownership status, financial resources, and relations with the state business groups. Alliances composed of small and medium sized firms, which are often loosely connected through joint production, joint marketing, and knowledge sharing networks, are identified as regional networks in Turkey (Karademir, 2004; Yaprak, Karademir and Osborn, 2007). Member firms of these networks seek benefits such as gaining access to more advance technological and marketing knowledge. In most cases, member firms of these networks establish relatively stronger social and economic ties to policy makers at the local and national levels compared to their stand alone counterparts. Some of them appear to be networks of second-tier and third-tier suppliers. Some others evolve into hybrid structures which would be known as multiownership holding company structure in Turkey. For the purposes of this study, we review the literature on regional networks and examine institutional factors affecting their evolutionary dynamics. BGs are often conceptualized as groups of firms which are legally independent but connected through economic, social, and legal ties. Yet, it should be considered that BGs may vary according to some organizational characteristics such as such as age, size, scope, status of ownership, axes of solidarity, administrative structure, and network characteristics. A review of current literature illustrates that these complex entities which emerge in different institutional and economic settings considerably vary from each other (Yaprak, Karademir and Osborn, 2007). While we are relatively more informed about the varying characteristics of BGs in different emerging markets, we are not informed as well about whether different types of BGs exist in these markets, and on what basis and to what extent do they differ from each other. More recent analyses of BGs recognize distinct types of BGs which emerge in the same markets but differ in terms of their performances and a variety of organizational characteristics. For example, Karademir (2004) identifies four types of BGs in Turkey; (a) Dominant Business Groups-DBGs, (b) Emergent Business Groups EBGs, (c) Encouraged Networks-ENs, and (d) Regional Networks-RNs. The first two of these are family owned and controlled BGs which emerged in different institutional and economic periods of Turkey. With a few exceptions initial investments of DBGs date back to 1950s. These BGs evolved along with the “roller coaster” economy and political climate of the country. Today, they dominate key industrial sectors, are likely alliance partners for multinationals, and favorable participants of the big privatization projects. EBGs, on the other hand, are" @default.
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- W2288576504 date "2009-01-01" @default.
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- W2288576504 title "Neden Bazi İşletme Gruplari Diğerlerinin Gerisinde Kalmaktadir? Türkiye'deki Bölgesel Şebeke Örgütleri Örneği Why Some Types of Business Groups Fall Behind Others? The Case of Regional Networks in Turkey" @default.
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