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• W2289104328 abstract "Cotton (Gossypium hirsutum) production represents the largest crop enterprise in Texas with over 60% of the state’s cotton acreage on the High Plains around Lubbock. Large year-to-year and field-to-field variation exists in lint yield across this vast area under both irrigated and dryland conditions. Both environment and genetics contribute to yield variation with the environmental complex being the primary yield affector. Lack of an adequate water supply throughout the growing season represents the single greatest limitation to cotton productivity in this semi-arid region. Approximately 70% of the regions annual rain (450 mm) does occur during the cotton growing season but potential evaporation exceeds precipitation by a factor of over 3 times. Approximately 50% of the cotton acreage in this area has supplemental irrigation capability; however, the application volumes are highly variable from system to system and rarely adequate to provide all the water the cotton crop needs each year. Irrigated cotton yields on the Southern High Plains are highly correlated with water supply; however, dryland yields are more closely related to when the summer rains occur with July being most important. Lint yield can be assessed in terms of the respective yield components: boll number and boll size. Regression analyses indicate that boll number accounts for over 80% of the yield variation and is largely influenced by the growing environment, including management. Boll number is determined by the production of fruiting sites and retention and final size of fruit. Water stress has a major impact on the production of mainstem nodes and thus the number of fruiting branches and fruiting sites. Fruit retention is strongly related to the supply of reduced carbon and nitrogen from the subtending leaf associated with each fruit form. Many factors influence average boll size, seed weight and lint turnout, with genetics being the major factor and water and nutrient supplies being secondary.The total water available, or degree of irrigation (percent of ETp replaced), has a direct effect on yield and yield components Considerable evidence exists to say that as water supply increases, the number of fruiting sites and the number of harvestable fruit produced per plant increases, but the retention of fruit per plant decreased. Guinn and Mauney (1984) determined that cotton yields are proportional to the number of bolls produced. Grimes et. al.(1969) found final yield to be most highly correlated with the number of fruiting sites produced, and determined that boll retention decreased as irrigation rates increased, but that the total number of fruiting sites per plant actually increased, and offset the decreased retention effects resulting in more bolls per plant. Previous research shows that the final number of fruiting sites is most affected by water supply (Morrow and Krieg, 1987).On the Texas Southern High Plains, water supply (or the lack of) is the single most limiting factor to the cotton producer. Water supply is also…" @default.
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• W2289104328 date "2005-08-01" @default.
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• W2289104328 title "Source-sink relations in cotton: Genetic and environmental affectors" @default.
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