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- W2289586927 abstract "Modernization studies focus on bounded societies, ignoring interactions like those found among Japan, Ethiopia, and Jamaica. Prodded to modernize by foreign warships, Japan pursued unification, bureaucratization, codification, and military centralization. Following attacks from Sudan, Ethiopia undertook modernizations in which Japan and the Meiji Constitution became exemplars. Ethiopia became a model for African nations and diasporas, inspiring Rastafarianism in Jamaica. Rasta culture transformed from a religion of the oppressed to a worldwide force crystallized in Bob Marley’s music, offering Japanese youth a vehicle for individualism in the 1980s. These interconnections came full circle in 2005 when dreadlocked pilgrims from Japan attended the Marley festival in Addis Ababa. Accounts of modernization generally take the national society as the central unit of analysis. To be sure, most of the nineteenth-century theorists of modernization tended to hold an abstract, global imaginary in mind. This was true of Comte and Hegel, Marx and Engels, Spencer and Tonnies, and others. This perspective has been resurrected with increasing frequency in recent decades through the work of scholars like Talcott Parsons, Roland Robertson, Immanuel Wallerstein, and Saskia Sassen. For most of the twentieth century, however, the dominant unit of analysis for modernization studies has been the nation. Whether the analytic focus was on social stratification, education, political organization, ethnic relations, language, banking systems, jural codes, or military capabilities, the empirical focus was circumscribed by the accepted boundaries of each nation-state. One thinks of Japan (Bellah 1957), Turkey (Lewis, 1961) India (Rudolph and Rudolph, 1967), Ethiopia (Levine 1965), Lebanon (Binder, ed., 1966), Brazil (Ribeiro 1995), and the like. Comparative work has simply grafted this perspective onto studies of a number of national societies. This was true of in-depth analyses of a small number of cases, like Geertz’s work on state-building in Asia and Africa (1963), Ward and Rustow’s volume on political modernization in Japan and" @default.
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- W2289586927 date "2007-01-01" @default.
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- W2289586927 title "Ethiopia, Japan, and Jamaica: A Century of Globally Linked Modernizations *" @default.
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