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• W228977200 abstract "Abstract The 1992 murders of Falcone and Borsellino marked a turning point in the fight against the Mafia in Italy. People throughout Italy, and especially in Sicily, felt that the Mafia had gone too far and that they could no longer be silent in front of its oppression. This essay analyzes the rhetorical strategies used by the Women of the Fast, a group of women who staged a month-long non-violent demonstration to bring attention to the relationship between the State and the Mafia. Specifically, it looks at how women were empowered to speak against the Mafia by using private symbols as vehicles for a public voice. By occupying a public square and using food, bed sheets, and their own bodies as symbols of protest, they changed the meaning of this public place. As such they gave a distinctly feminine touch to their rhetoric, stripping away the traditionally masculine understanding of public protest. Their protest received national and international media attention, adding a feminine voice to the fight against the Mafia. Keywords: women, Mafia, public sphere, nonviolent resistance, transformative rhetoric, social movement, hunger strike In the late 1980s the Italian government intensified its fight against the Mafia. At the forefront of this fight were judges Giovanni Falcone and Paolo Borsellino who, making use of declarations by former Mafiosi turned state's evidence, gained in-depth knowledge into the Mafia organization and uncovered many connections between the Mafia and Italian government officials. On May 23, 1992 Judge Giovanni Falcone, his wife, Judge Francesca Morvillo, and their body guards, Vito Schifani, Rocco Dicirillo, and Antonio Montinaro, were killed by the Mafia. Less than two months later, on July 19, 1992, a bomb exploded in via D' Amelio in Palermo killing Judge Paolo Borsellino, and his bodyguards, Emanuela Loi, Agostino Catalano, Vincenzo Li Muli, Walter Cosina, and Claudio Traina. Falcone and Borsellino, together with their bodyguards, became national heroes in death: martyrs whose dedication to justice had cost them their lives. The murders of Falcone and Borsellino marked a turning point in the fight against the Mafia in Italy. People throughout Italy, and especially in Sicily, felt that the Mafia had gone too far and that they could no longer be silent in front of its oppression. Palermo, the capital of Sicily, was shaken as it had never been before by the realization that its century-old association with the Mafia was becoming intolerable now that Cosa Nostra had begun to resort to terrorist tactics of outrageous proportions in direct defiance to the State. Even more so, people were shocked by the inability of the Italian government to prevent such attacks and the incompetence of many government officials to confront the problem of the Mafia. Falcone and Borsellino were supposed to be among the best protected of government officials: they always traveled surrounded by bodyguards, rode in bullet-proof cars, and their itineraries were secret. As Italians mourned their dead heroes, they were reminded of Falcone's own words as he was trying to explain why so many Italian government officials had been killed by the Mafia: generally dies because one is alone or because one has entered a game that is too big. One often dies because one does not have the necessary alliances, because one lacks support. In Sicily the Mafia hits the servants of the State that the State is unable to protect1 (Falcone & Padovani, 1992, p. 171). Rage was the common feeling experienced by the many mourners who attended the funerals. Among the participants were a dozen women who wanted to do something to show their disgust over the murders of these innocent people and the government's inability to protect them. Together they decided to stage a demonstration in Piazza Castelnuovo, a square in the center of Palermo. Three days later, on July 22, 1992, they met in the square, set up a tent, brought tables and chairs, and sat under a big banner that read: We are hungry for justice. …" @default.
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• W228977200 date "2009-10-01" @default.
• W228977200 modified "2023-09-27" @default.
• W228977200 title "Private Symbols as Vehicles for a Public Voice: Women of the Fast Reject the Mafia" @default.
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