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• W2290039190 abstract "Women now outlive men by 10 years, thanks to the dramatic (>99%) decline in obstetrical death rate over the past 100 years. Women represent 60% of those over the age of 65 years in the United States (US) and more women than men have died of cardiovascular disease (CVD) since 1984. 1 There has been an explosive increase in the knowledge of the natural history of coronary artery disease (CAD) in women in the past decade. This is due to a combination of greater participation of women in research studies, improved medical technology, and perhaps political pressure. Among women, the lifetime risk of death from CAD is more than 10-fold greater than that from breast cancer. 2 It is estimated that 31% of women will die from CAD; yet, about 70% of university educated women consider their risk of CAD to be <1%. They worry profoundly about breast cancer, although the risk of death from breast cancer is <3%. This lack of concern for CAD by women and perhaps their physicians could explain why the decline of CAD in women in western countries has been only half that of men. The excess of CAD among overseas Indians has been similar or greater in women than in men, 3 and offers a broad “window to the world” for the impending epidemic of CAD among Indian women. In this article, the term “Indian” refers not only to people of Indian origin but all those originating from the entire Indian subcontinent. This review discusses the progress in understanding the major risk factors leading to the high rates of CAD in women, especially in India. The potential role of genetic susceptibility to CAD mediated by elevated lipoprotein (a) [Lp(a)] levels and its synergistic adverse effects with both conventional and emerging risk factors are highlighted. Important differences in the presentation, diagnosis and treatment of CAD in women, and the unique role of hormone replacement therapy (HRT) are addressed. Finally, we offer recommendations to both Indian women and their physicians in reducing the morbidity and mortality from CAD. Magnitude of CAD in Indian Women CAD rates in India: Since 1960, life expectancy in India has increased by 20 years to 61 years of age. 4 From 1960 to 1995, the prevalence of CAD in adults increased from 3% to 10% in urban Indians and from 2% to 4% in rural Indians, with women having rates similar to men. 5 Although the prevalence of CAD in rural India is half that of urban India, this is still two-fold higher than the overall CAD rates in the US and several-fold higher than in rural" @default.
• W2290039190 created "2016-06-24" @default.
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• W2290039190 date "2001-08-23" @default.
• W2290039190 modified "2023-09-23" @default.
• W2290039190 title "Coronary artery disease in women." @default.
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• W2290039190 hasPubMedId "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11516026" @default.
• W2290039190 hasPublicationYear "2001" @default.
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