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• W2292281271 abstract "Lung cancer statistics in the United States esti­ mate that 171.900 people in 2003 were diag­ nosed with lung cancer (l).As the leading cause of cancer death among men and women in the United States, the associated death rate for lung cancer is 28%, surpassing mortality rates of colon, prostate, and breast cancer combined (1 ). This startling fact underscores the impor­ tance of improved methods to treat this aggres­ sive form of cancer. Its ominous prognosis is reflected by the overall 5-year survival rates for previously untreated patients with primary non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) after sur­ gical treatment (according to pathologic stage): 63% to 67% in stage lA, 46% to 57% in IB, 52% to 55% in IIA 33% to 39% in liB. and 19% to 23% in IliA (2,3). With NSCLC, 30% of patients present with disease confined to the parenchyma, 30% with spread to intrathoracic lymph nodes, and 40% with metastatic disease (4). In cases of regional disease, a combination of surgery, chemother­ apy, and external beam radiation therapy [x-ray therapy (XRT)] prevails as standard treatment. For patients with localized disease not invading the mediastinum, surgical resection remains the best treatment option. Surgery is not the primary treatment when there are coexistent morbid medical conditions or advanced stage of the disease. In these patients who are not sur­ gical candidates, the treatment options rely pri­ marily on XRT, with or without chemotherapy. In small-cell lung cancer and in other cases in which radiotherapy cannot be administered, chemotherapy may be administered solely. The best current therapies result in an overall 5year survival rate, for all stages combined, of only 15% (1). The poor response of lung cancer to current treatment methods necessitates the use of alternative modalities. Less invasive therapies that can accomplish tumor destruction or complete eradication without the use of general anesthesia may com­ plement, improve, or replace existing therapies. One such ablative tumor therapy that may add to the treatment regimen in this complex group of patients is radiofrequency ablation (RFA). Percutaneous image-guided tumor RFA is an expanding minimally invasive modality for the local treatment of solid malignancies. First reported in 2000 (5), RF ablation of human lung tumors may be a promising treatment option for nonsurgical candidates, given the suboptimal outcomes with current treatment. The insertion of an RF electrode into the defined tumor bed and establishment of an electric field to a reference electrode that oscillates with generated alternating RF cur­ rents ultimately create a conduit for frictional heating (6). This tissue heating consequently induces coagulative necrosis and cell death in a controlled and predictable manner (6). The sur­ rounding air in the normal parenchyma of the lung acts as an insulator and concentrates RF energy in the targeted tissue, thereby requiring less energy deposition (7). The high vascular flow of the lung results in a heat-sink effect that dissipates heat away from normal adjacent tissue and concentrates the effective energy deposition within the solid component of the" @default.
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• W2292281271 date "2010-01-01" @default.
• W2292281271 modified "2023-09-27" @default.
• W2292281271 title "28 Ablation for Thoracic Neoplasms" @default.
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