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• W2292766689 abstract "Transforming growth factor betas (TGFβs) are one of the most widespread and versatile cytokines. The three mammalian TGFβ isoforms, β1, β2, and β3, and their receptors regulate proliferation of neuronal precursors as well as survival and differentiation in neurons of developing and adult nervous system. Functions of TGFβs has a wide spectrum ranging from regulating cell proliferation and differentiation, production of extracellular matrix components, chemotaxis, and immunosuppression, to the regulation of cell death. While there is a complete lack or low levels of TGFβ1 in the unlesioned nervous system, a widespread expression of TGF β2 and TGF β3 can be seen in different areas of the CNS and PNS. Consistent co-expression of TGFβ2 and β3 in neurons, astroglial, and Schwann cells is indicative of their multiple effects on neurons and glial cells. Based on overlapping expression of TGF β2 and TGF β3 and therefore their functions, our study was designed to differentiate between the functions of the two isoforms during development. Because mice lacking both isoforms die around embryonic day 15 (E15), we decided to use single homozygous and double heterozygote null mutant embryos who survive and lack any abnormal nervous system phenotype after birth. The expression pattern of markers for extracellular matrix protein such as reelin and chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan (CSPG) as well as those for cytoskeletal proteins such as microtubule associated protein (MAP), a marker for differentiated neurons, was studied in E14.5 and E16.5 mice embryos both by immunohistochemistry and in situ hybridization. Despite a reduced expression of CSPG and MAP proteins that was seen only in TGF beta 3 null mutants, Tgfβ2 +/+ Tgfβ3 −/− , no abnormal localization of these markers and no change in the expression at mRNA level was noticed. The normal localization of the markers as well as their unchanged mRNA expression suggest that TGF β2 compensates for the lack of TGF β3 and therefore the two isoforms act in parallel to ensure the stability of brain cytoarchitecture during development." @default.
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• W2292766689 date "2006-01-01" @default.
• W2292766689 modified "2023-09-27" @default.
• W2292766689 title "LAMINAR ORGANIZATION OF CEREBRAL CORTEX IN TRANSFORMING GROWTH FACTOR BETA MUTANT MICE" @default.
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