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• W2296021083 abstract "India is the largest producer and consumer of pulses and shares 35.20 per cent area and 27.65 per cent of the global production. Among the insect pests infesting stored pulses, bruchid Callosobrucrhus maculatus (F.) (Coleoptera: Bruchidae) is the most serious one and it attacks invariably all the pulses under storage conditions with mild infestation in the field as well. It is therefore, imperative to save the stored pulses from this serious pest. In many storage systems, fumigants are the most economical and convenient tool for managing storedgrain insect pests. The increasing problem with today’s fumigants makes it necessary for research to devise other control procedures and to identify new fumigants, which are eco-friendly and less expensive. Essential oils are potential sources of alternative compounds for currently used fumigants. The LC 50 values of five essential oils viz., eucalyptus, citronella, rosemary, cardamom and geranium were investigated against pulse beetle C. maculatus through fumigation bioassay were 11.66, 16.25, 21.35, 22.07 and 25.11 μl l of air respectively. The lowest LD 50 value was observed for eucalyptus oil (11.66 μl l of air) and the LD 50 value of geranium was the highest (25.11 μl l of air). Fumigant effects of the essential oils are discussed in the context of the existing fumigants is likely to be phased out in 2015. INTRODUCTION India being major pulse growing country in the world, accounting roughly to one third of the total world area under pulses and one fourth of total world production. In India 22.83 million hectare of land is under pulses cultivation with annual production of 11.21 million tones. In Tamil Nadu, pulses are cultivated in 8.2 lakh ha with the production of 3.71 lakh metric tones. The average productivity of pulses in Tamil Nadu is about 449 kg / ha. Black gram is the major pulse crop in Tamil Nadu and it is grown in an area of 4.5 lakh ha, and its production is 2.05 lakh tones with a product ivi ty a of 461 kg ha (Anonymous, 2001). Legumes are more vulnerable to post harvest loss (Labeyrie, 1981). In 1970, Food and Agriculture Organization reported 8.5 per cent loss during post harvest handling and storage in India. Loss in pulses due to infestation of bruchids have been reported by Mookherjee et al. (1970) and Gangrade (1974). Callosobruchus maculatus has involved the great attention because, it is widely distributed throughout the tropical and sub-tropical regions. It is an important pest of several pulses including cowpea [Vigna unguiculata (L.) (Walp.)], chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.), lentil (Lens culinaris Medik.), soyabean (Glycine max Mer.) and haricot beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.). The pulses are very important source of vegetable protein for millions of people of tropical and subtropical regions. In order to keep these stored grain products free from pest attack, various synthetic chemicals have been used. Synthetic pesticides are currently the method of choice to protect stored grain from insect damage. But, continuous or heavy uses of synthetic pesticides has created serious problems arising from factors such as direct toxicity to parasites, predators, pollinators, fish and man. It also develops pesticides resistance (Zettler, 1991; Mahmud et al., 2002), susceptibility of crop plant to insect pests (Pimentel, 1977) and increased environmental and social cost (Pimentel et al., 1980). Therefore, environment needs some other alternatives of chemical pesticides. One alternative to syn thetic insecticides is the botanical pesticides i.e. insecticidal plants or plant compound and the use of natural compounds, such as essential oils that result from secondary metabolism in plants. Essential oil and their constituents have been shown to be a potent source of botanical pesticide. The toxicity of a large number of essential oils and their constituents has been evaluated against a number of bruchid pests (Keita, et al., 2000, Tripathi et al., 2002). Plant essential oils and their constituents in relation to contact (Choi et al., 2003; Gorur et al., 2008) and fumigant insecticidal actions have been well demonstrated against stored product pests. Especially © JBiopest. 154 Fumigant toxicity of essential oils" @default.
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• W2296021083 title "Fumigant toxicity of essential oils against pulse beetle, Callosobrucrhus maculatus (F.) (Coleoptera: Bruchidae)." @default.
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