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• W2296277515 abstract "The aim of the present study is to investigate LC50 values in three seasons of TBTO on L. marginalis. The active substance TBT is highly toxic damaging to non target species. The bivalves have been bioindicators to determine aquatic pollution status. The adverse effect of Tributyltin oxide has been studied on freshwater bivalve mollusk Lamellidens marginalis in summer, monsoon and winter season during June 2014-may 2015. To evaluate the median lethal concentration of TBTO, bioassay was performed in all seasons on fresh water bivalve for 24hr, 48hr, 72hr and 96 hrs. The LC50 values in ppm were 1.61, 1.11, 0.85, 0.39 in summer, 2.26, 1.67, 1.27, 0.88 in monsoon and 2.63, 1.92, 1.45, 1.09 in winter season. All values are after 24, 48, 72and 96 hours respectively. Results showed decrease in lethal concentration as exposure period increases and this was observed for all three seasons. Introduction Organotins are widely utilized organometallic compounds, most of which are manmade. For many years tributyltin (TBT) compounds were the favored biocide, it has been used worldwide in antifouling paints for ships and fishing nets, cordage. Therefore, there is increasing interest in the impact of these compounds on the aquatic ecosystems. Organotin compounds are man-made chemical compounds, based on a hydrocarbon structure combined with Sn atom or tin. The most well known organotin is tributyltin (TBT), used widely in aquatic antifoulant paints to prevent the growth of organisms such as crustaceans and molluscans on the hull of ships. Once the organometals are deposited in the environment create a serious threat to global ecosystems. Organometallic compounds are increased risk due to their potential reactivity, bio concentration, bioaccumulation and biomagnification.TBT contamination is still necessary because of the long persistence of TBT in sediment (Chau et al., 1997a; Maguire, 2000; Stewart & Thompson, 1997). Determination of toxicity of substance is necessary to commercially aquatic forms and water quality management. For the toxicity studies most commonly used methods in aquatic environmental studies with suitable organisms is the bioassay constitute. According to Elder & Collins, (1991), Freshwater mussels and snails have the potential to be very useful for biomonitoring studies. The reaction and survival of aquatic organism, under toxic conditions depend upon several factors, such as kind, toxicity and concentration of the toxicant and the temperature, salinity, dissolved oxygen, pH and physiological factors such as reproductive cycle and seasons, in addition to the type and time of exposure to the toxicant. (Holden, 1973; McKim et al.,1973). Freshwater bivalve mollusks are shown to be year around breeders (Gosh and Ghose, 1972) or the breeding is restricted to year (Mudkhede, 1974) and it is shown to be influence by the changes in environmental factors. The tolerance of L. marginalis to different toxicant might be different and it will depend on physicochemical parameters, these parameters always change due to seasonal variation. Abhilash, R. and Prakasam,V. R. (2005) Bivalves are the bioindicators of metal contamination in water bodies, different species of bivalve have been used to conduct the studies of assessing the toxicity of metals in aquatic system. The present investigation has been planned to assess the effect of tributyltin oxide (TBTO) on mortality of the freshwater bivalve Lamellidens marginalis. Tributyltin oxide is known to be harmful to many, “nontarget” aquatic organisms, particularly molluscs (Horiguchi et al., 1997). The pollution of rivers and streams with chemical contaminants has become one of the most critical problems of century (Rane Minakshi and A.Y. Mahajan, 2013). Nikam and Shejule 2015, Rabbito et al. 2005, Shejule et al. 2006 and Kharat P. S. 2007 had investigated the effects of organometalic compounds on aquatic animals. The toxicity study is essential to find out toxicants limit and safe concentration, so that there will be minimum harm to aquatic ecosystem. Perusal of literature reveals paucity of information on acute toxicity of tributyltin oxide on freshwater bivalve, L. marginalis in all seasons. Hence the present study has been focused to evaluate the seasonal acute toxic effects of tributyltin oxide to freshwater bivalves, L. marginalis as bioindicator, of local commercial and environmental importance from Maharashtra state in Godavari river at Paithan. Materials and Methods The freshwater bivalves, Lamellidens marginalis were collected from the Godavari river at Paithan, 45 km away from Aurangabad city (MH) in different seasons in the year 2014-15. The bivalves were brought to the laboratory and cleaned to remove the fouling algal biomass and mud. The bivalves kept in plastic troughs containing dechlorinated tap water for 4 days to acclimatize to the laboratory" @default.
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• W2296277515 date "2016-03-01" @default.
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• W2296277515 title "Seasonal study of acute toxicity of tributyltin oxide (TBTO) on the fresh water bivalve, Lamellidens marginalis from Godavari river at Maharashtra, India" @default.
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