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• W2297249989 abstract "The biological importance and degree of expression of roost fidelity in Townsend's bigeared bat (Coworhinus townsendii) remains largely unknown While reports of movement among and between roosts have been noted, it is unclear whether these movements were a result of human disturbance or part of some unknown, but normal, pattern of bat behavior. Current management and conservation strategies assume that C. townsendii exhibits strong roost fidelity across space and through time. We investigated the validity of this assumption at roosts throughout the Great Basin. Movement among roosts was common throughout the study area, with a high degree of intralinterseasonal variation observed However, at larger temporal scales (i-e., across years), patterns of use became apparent. Differences in lability were noted between roost types, with use of caves more static (through space and time) than use of mines. The implications of these findings on management and conservation efforts are discussed Key worh: abandoned mines, fidelity, caves, habitat use, Coworhinus townsendii. 2000 TRANSACTlONS OF THE WESTERN SECTION OF THE WILDLIFE SOClN36:15-20 INTRODUCTION When attem-g to manage and maintain popdations of wild organisms, a basic understanding of how individuals and groups use their habitat is essential. A key component ofthis understanding, is recognizing the range of inherent variability ofboth spatial and temporal use of habitat. Management decisions are often made without a clear understanding of how much variability is exhibited in the system of interest. Possible ramifications of this paucity of data include misinterpretation of population trends (CoclaumandPetryszyn 1991, Steidlet al. 1997, Strayer 1999). incorrect inference of habitat specialization (Pierson and Rainey 1998), and artificial simplification of complex systems (Channell and Lomolino 2000). While temporal variation in use of foraging habitat by bats has been recognized (Hayes 1993, some have attributed nightly variation to researcher-induced disturbance from mist-netting and subsequent handling of individuals (Kunz 1982). However, recent studies using echolocation-monitoring (Hayes 1993, and radiMelemetry techniques (Brigham 199 1, Wethington et al. 1996) have confirmed that temporal variation in use of foraging habitat is common in bat populations. As echolocationmonitoring and radio-telemetry techniques do not involve the repeated capture and handling of individuals, it is likely that this temporal variation is a natural phenomenon and is not an artifact of data collection methods. Temporal variation in the use of roosts by caverndwelling bats has also been recognized (Tuttle 1976). This variation has been considered seasonal, with bats seeking refuge h m ambient conditions that vary throughout the year. For example, roost requirements for an individual hibernating in Janare different than those required during the reproductive period, when warmer sites are preferred As seasons vary somewhat predictably among years, it has long been assumed that seasonal use is static, with bats moving among a subset of available roosts as seasons change (Hill and Smith 1984). Recent reviews regarding roost fidelity in bats (Kunz 1982. Lewis 1995) suggest several general patterns. Species using more permanent, less abundant types of roosts should exhibit greater roost fidelity than those using more abundant, ephemeral roosts. For example, foliage-roosting bats would be expcted to exhibit higher lability relative to cavemicolous species. Many of the studies upon which these assumptions are based, were conducted over a limited period oftime, with little attention paid to fidelity among years. However, some researchers have described variation in long-term roost fidelity (Humphrey 1975, Tuttle 1976). Tuttle (1976) suggested that observedlability may be a result of a paucity of data regarding species use of available roosts. The general supposition that cavern-roosting species exhibit pronounced roost fidelity has, in part. led to the general assumption that Townsend's big-eared bat (Corynorhinus townsendi), an obligate cave-roosting specis (KUDZ 1982, Humphrey and Kunz 1976), is sedentary, with movements between roosts largely limited to inter-seasonal migration. This assumption of high roost fidelity has been supported by observations that maternity colonies tend to use the same roosts over the course ofyears (Humphrey and Kuuz 1976, Pearson et al. 1952) 16 Roost Fidelity of Townsend's Big-Eared Bat Sherwin, et al. TRANS.WEST.SECT.WILDL.SOC. 36:2000 and even decades (Sherwin, in litt.). Although, several cases of C. townsendii abandoning roosts have been reported (Humphrey and Kunz 1976), these movements have been largely atrriited to disturbance fi-om humans? and have not generally been acknowledged as normal patterns of behavior (Tuttle and Taylor 1994). For example, reports ofaroud and interlintra-roost movements in southeast Idaho (Bosworth 1994, Doering 1996) have been dismissed as the data collection techniques used in these studies make it impossible to determine if these movements were natural or were a direct response to inappropriate dataallection techniques. However, in a recent study, Sherwin et al. (2000) report intra-seasonal roost switching by both maternity and bachelor colonies in northern Ut& with roost switching behavior more common for colonies that used abandoned mines than caves. The purpose of this study was to investigate roost fidelity in C. townsendii across temporal and spatial scales. As C. townsendii is the most common bat species observedin mines in the Great Basin (Sherwin et al. 2000), it is at possible risk h m abgndoned mine reclamation programs. Currently, several hundred abandoned mines that provi& potential habitat for this species are reclaimed each year (Sherwin et al. 2000). In most cases, pre-closure biological surveys are conducted, however, these surveys are generally limited to a single visit per season (summer and winter), for one year. This single-year protocol assumes that there is no temporal variation either within seasons andlor among years. Herein, we test the assumption of maintained fidelity, and make recommendations regarding the amount of effort needed to make satisfactory inference into use of roosts by C. townsendii." @default.
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• W2297249989 title "Roost Fidelity of Townsend's Big-Eared Bat in Utah and Nevada" @default.
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