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• W2297432894 abstract "Interleukin-36 is a family of novel interleukin-1-like proinflammatory cytokines that are highly expressed in epithelial tissues and several myeloid-derived cell types. Like those of classic interleukin-1 cytokines, the secretion mechanisms of interleukin-36 are not well understood. Interleukin-36γ secretion in dermal epithelial cells requires adenosine 5'-triphosphate, which suggests a nonclassical mechanism of secretion. In this study, murine pulmonary macrophages and human alveolar macrophages were treated with recombinant pathogen-associated molecular patterns (intact bacteria: Klebsiella pneumoniae or Streptococcus pneumoniae). Cell lysates were analyzed for messenger ribonucleic acid by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction, and conditioned medium was analyzed for interleukin-36γ by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, with or without sonication. In addition, conditioned medium was ultracentrifuged at 25,000 g and 100,000 g, to isolate microparticles and exosomes, respectively, and interleukin-36γ protein was assessed in each fraction by Western blot analysis. Interleukin-36γ mRNA was induced in both murine and human lung macrophages by a variety of pathogen-associated molecular patterns, as well as heat-killed and live Klebsiella pneumoniae and Streptococcus pneumoniae, and induction occurred in a myeloid differentiation response gene 88-dependent manner. Secretion of interleukin-36γ protein was enhanced by adenosine 5'-triphosphate. Furthermore, extracellular interleukin-36γ protein detection was markedly enhanced by sonication to disrupt membrane-bound structures. Interleukin-36γ protein was detected by Western blot in microparticles and exosome fractions isolated by ultracentrifugation. Interleukin-36γ was induced and secreted from lung macrophages in response to Gram-negative and -positive bacterial stimulation. The results suggest that interleukin-36γ is secreted in a non-Golgi-dependent manner by lung macrophages in response to Gram-positive and -negative bacterial challenge." @default.
• W2297432894 created "2016-06-24" @default.
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• W2297432894 date "2016-02-10" @default.
• W2297432894 modified "2023-10-16" @default.
• W2297432894 title "IL-36γ is secreted in microparticles and exosomes by lung macrophages in response to bacteria and bacterial components" @default.
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• W2297432894 doi "https://doi.org/10.1189/jlb.4a0315-087r" @default.
• W2297432894 hasPubMedCentralId "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/4945350" @default.
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