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• W2301602008 abstract "According to a 2008 report by the United Nations Statistics Division, the Russian Federation has the highest abortion rate in the world with 53.7 abortions per 1,000 women. Vietnam holds the next highest rate at 35.2, and the United States has 20.8 abortions per 1,000 women. Many countries that previously comprised the Soviet Union (USSR), excluding Azerbaijan and Uzbekistan, have similarly high rates of abortion. Russia’s high abortion rate can be traced to the prominence of abortion as a method of family planning from after the death of Joseph Stalin in 1953 until the fall of the Soviet Union in 1991. Since the birth control pill became widely available in the 1960s, many Westerners have come to regard family planning as the use of contraception, sexual education, and counseling but not abortion. However, when women in the West began using the birth control pill, Soviet women increasingly used abortion to regulate the number and timing of children. Reasons for the popularity of abortion are numerous, including the lack of appropriate contraceptive devices, socio-historical precedent, the traditions of the medical establishment, the policies of the Soviet government, and the ideology of Marxist-Leninist thought. It would be extremely unwise to assume that one of these factors alone caused the “abortion culture” in the Soviet Union and its successor states because all of these factors contributed to it in varying degrees throughout the period. After Stalin’s death in 1953, Soviet women became increasingly defined by the dual roles of worker and mother, and many women felt forced to choose between a career and a child. Before discussing the post-Stalin period, it is necessary to provide a brief overview of the rights of women regarding to family planning and abortion. After the 1917 revolution, the USSR quickly became a world leader in the documentation of family planning and abortion measures as a part of a broader push for more comprehensive census records. The republics and provinces openly distributed information published in these reports until 1929, when the central government barred the dissemination of these materials and use of their contents in analysis for all bodies except the Ministry of Health. In addition to banning official statistics, the Soviet government began to espouse pronatalist policies that were driven by a rapidly declining birthrate. Multiple factors contributed to this decline, including the liberalization of tsarist-era abortion laws and the loss of so many young men in the Russian Revolution, the Russian Civil War, and World War I. The government implemented a new family law system and banned abortion in 1936. The new laws aimed to improve the lifestyle of women with multiple children and, thus, increase the desire of women to carry pregnancies to term. To this end, the" @default.
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• W2301602008 date "2014-02-20" @default.
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• W2301602008 title "Abortion Culture: Soviet Trends in Family Planning" @default.
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