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- W2301751567 abstract "Independent studies of sediment toxicity and contaminant transfer are often not comparable because standardized reference sediments and test animals are unavailable. The authors developed a formulated reference sediment (42:42:16 w/w silica sand:clay:potting soil [9% organic matter]) especially suited for rapid growth of Hexagenia larvae. Sand (2 parts 90--180 {mu}m, 1 part 180--250 {mu}m), clay (kaolin or Lewiscraft{reg_sign} Sculptor`s clay) and soil (sieved, air-dried Garden Treat{reg_sign} All Purpose Potting Soil [All Treat Farms, Ltd., Arthur, ON] < 1.00 mm) are dry-mixed, wetted to 40% moisture, air-dried, ground to <2 mm and autoclaved. Rewetted sediment (40% moisture) is allowed to age (1 wk) in water-filled bioassay containers with aeration. Replenished water maintained an oxygen concentration of 4.9 mg L-1 after 48h at 20 C without continuous aeration. First-instar Hexagenia larvae, reared to near emergence within 3 mo, had minimal body burdens of organic contaminants and trace metals when fed a yeast/alfalfa/Tetramin mixture biweekly. Chironomus larvae also grow in this sediment, although more slowly than in silica sand medium. The sediment is especially useful in dilution series experiments with field-collected contaminated sediments. The authors have determined 21-d LC{sub 50} for Hexagenia with bulk Detroit R., MI and creosote-contaminated sediments. They recommend this sedimentmore » for laboratory rearing and for negative controls in sediment toxicity studies with zoobenthos.« less" @default.
- W2301751567 created "2016-06-24" @default.
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- W2301751567 date "1994-12-31" @default.
- W2301751567 modified "2023-09-24" @default.
- W2301751567 title "Formulated sediment for bioassays and rearing of Hexagenia (Ephemeroptera) and other benthic invertebrates" @default.
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