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• W2303106983 abstract "Neurons in the mammalian retina expressing the photopigment melanopsin have been identified as a class of intrinsically photosensitive retinal ganglion cells (ipRGCs). This discovery more than a decade ago has opened up an exciting new field of retinal research, and following the initial identification of photosensitive ganglion cells, several subtypes have been described. A number of studies have shown that ipRGCs subserve photoentrainment of circadian rhythms. They also influence other nonimage forming functions of the visual system, such as the pupillary light reflex, sleep, cognition, mood, light aversion and development of the retina. These novel photosensitive neurons also influence form vision by contributing to contrast detection. Furthermore, studies have shown that ipRGCs are more injury-resistant following optic nerve injury, in animal models of glaucoma, and in patients with mitochondrial optic neuropathies, i.e., Leber’s hereditary optic neuropathy and dominant optic atrophy. There is also an indication that these cells may be resistant to glutamateinduced excitotoxicity. Herein we provide an overview of http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.neuroscience.2014.11.002 0306-4522/ 2014 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd. on behalf of IBRO. This is an open access article under the CC BY license (http://creativecommons.org *Correspondence to: K.-F. So, GHM Institute of CNS Regeneration, Jinan University, 601 West Huangpu Avenue, Guangzhou 510632, Guangdong, PR China. Tel: +86-20-85228362; fax: +86-2085223563. E-mail address: hrmaskf@hku.hk (K.-F. So). Abbreviations: cPAG, caudal periaqueductal gray; DOA, dominant optic atrophy; DRN, dorsal raphe nucleus; GCL, ganglion cell layer; IGL, intergeniculate leaflet; INL, inner nuclear layer; IOP, intraocular pressure; IPL, inner plexiform layer; ipRGCs, intrinsically photosensitive retinal ganglion cells; JAK/STAT, Janus kinase/signal transducer and activator of transcription; LGN, lateral geniculate nucleus; LHON, Leber’s hereditary optic neuropathy; NMDA, N-methyl-D-aspartate; OPN, olivary pretectal nucleus; PACAP, pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide; RGCs, retinal ganglion cells; SCN, suprachiasmatic nucleus. 845 ipRGCs and discuss the injury-resistant character of these neurons under certain pathological and experimental conditions. 2014 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd. on behalf of IBRO. This is an open access article under the CC BY license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/)." @default.
• W2303106983 created "2016-06-24" @default.
• W2303106983 creator A5019685354 @default.
• W2303106983 creator A5045603558 @default.
• W2303106983 creator A5052529067 @default.
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• W2303106983 date "2015-01-01" @default.
• W2303106983 modified "2023-10-02" @default.
• W2303106983 title "NEUROSCIENCE FOREFRONT REVIEW THE INJURY RESISTANT ABILITY OF MELANOPSIN-EXPRESSING INTRINSICALLY PHOTOSENSITIVE RETINAL GANGLION CELLS" @default.
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