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- W2303473654 abstract "Models of human conflict tend to focus on military power, predicting that—all else equal—the stronger side will prevail. This overlooks a key insight from the evolutionary dynamics of competing populations: the process of adaptation by natural selection. Darwinian selection weeds out poor performers and propagates good performers, thus leading to a cumulative increase in effective adaptations over time. The logic of selection applies not only to biological organisms but to any competing entities, whether strategies, technologies, or machines—as long as three conditions are in place: variation, selection, and replication. Applied to asymmetric warfare, Darwinian selection predicts that, counter-intuitively, stronger sides may suffer a disadvantage across all three conditions: (1) Variation—weaker sides are often composed of a larger diversity of combatants, representing a larger trait-pool and a potentially higher rate of “mutation” (innovation); (2) Selection—stronger sides apply a greater selection pressure on weaker sides than the other way around, resulting in faster adaptation by the weaker side; (3) Replication—weaker sides are exposed to combat for longer (fighting on the same home territory for years at a time), promoting experience and learning, while stronger sides rotate soldiers on short combat tours to different regions. In recent years, many civilian and military leaders have noted that US counterinsurgency and counterterrorism forces are adapting too slowly to match the insurgents in Iraq, the Taliban in Afghanistan, or Al Qaeda worldwide. A Darwinian approach suggests that this is exactly what we might predict: Weaker sides adapt faster and more effectively. Understanding the causes and consequences of Darwinian selection offers insights for how to thwart enemy adaptation and improve our own." @default.
- W2303473654 created "2016-06-24" @default.
- W2303473654 creator A5006194945 @default.
- W2303473654 date "2009-01-01" @default.
- W2303473654 modified "2023-09-27" @default.
- W2303473654 title "DARWINIAN SELECTION IN ASYMMETRIC WARFARE: THE NATURAL ADVANTAGE OF INSURGENTS AND TERRORISTS" @default.
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