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• W2305124637 abstract "This chapter discusses the factors influencing irritant potential, delineates general clinical presentations of irritant dermatitis, and addresses workup and treatment. In addition, it addresses methods of evaluating a chemical's irritant potential and discusses the irritation potential of some agricultural chemicals and plants. Irritant contact dermatitis (ICD) is defined as nonimmunologic skin inflammation after contact to a substance or physical factor. Although epidemiologic data are scarce, ICD appears to be an important cause of occupational and nonoccupational skin disease. Various factors influence a chemical's irritant potential. Intrinsic molecular properties such as molecular structure, size, ionization state, lipid solubility, and pKa determine the chemical's interaction with the skin barrier and epidermal cells. Irritant potential is also dependent on the molar concentration and volume and duration of the exposure. Physical factors such as extremes of temperature and humidity, as well as mechanical factors such as occlusion and friction, can enhance irritation of chemicals or act as irritants. Endogenous factors such as age, anatomical site, preexisting dermatologic conditions, and genetic background may influence an individual's predisposition to irritant dermatitis. There is a decreased susceptibility of irritation with increasing age, with children younger than 8 years being most susceptible to skin irritation. Few human studies exist, and new studies are currently inhibited by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's ethics system. Lastly, epidemiologic data that are so helpful for many contact allergens remain scarce for agricultural irritants. The techniques and assays are efficient; however, a regulatory system that promotes developing and registering relevant data in this arena is lacking." @default.
• W2305124637 created "2016-06-24" @default.
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• W2305124637 date "2010-01-01" @default.
• W2305124637 modified "2023-09-26" @default.
• W2305124637 title "Irritant Dermatitis" @default.
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• W2305124637 doi "https://doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-12-374367-1.00023-9" @default.
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