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• W2307638903 abstract "Models of the family which incorporate bequest inequality into the fertility decision were developed. Following a discussion on this topic by H.J. Habakkuk, discussion focuses on preindustrial and early industrial England and Western Europe. An attempt was made to develop fertility models which do not assume that all children are treated equally but instead recognize the special role that the eldest child often plays in the family. The fertility consequences of primogeniture are explored in 2 different fertility models. In the initial behavioral model due to Habakkuk, fertility is a function of marriage age and marriage age is a function of time required for one's capital to reach some social minimum required for household formation. In such a model it is possible to show that an increasingly unequal bequest between children will reduce aggregate fertility in the following generation. The introduction of explicit fertility choice considerably complicates the model. The effect of greater relative bequests to the eldest child, if motivated by parental preference, depends on the role children other than the eldest play in the family. If parents would normally choose to have more children the larger the total bequest they intend to bestow on all their children, the effect of primogeniture will be to reduce fertility. The wealth parents allocate to the eldest with primogeniture has an impact on the other children equivalent to a general decline in family bequests. Similar conclusions hold if the shift of wealth to the eldest is the result of a legal constraint that a specified share of the estate be allocated to the eldest. Yet, if the constraint is posed as a required proportionality between the wealth of the eldest and the average wealth of other children, the effect of primogeniture laws (or conversely equality laws) is ambiguous. The same negative wealth effect exists for the younger children as wealth is diverted to the eldest. A positive fertility effect also exists since an increase in the number of children can be partially financed by reducing the excess bequests to the eldest. A risk element is introduced into the fertility choice structure through a positive probability of child mortality. A simple family structure is simulated in which the parents have a preference for pure primogeniture, valuing only the wealth allotted to the eldest, but subject to social restrictions which require maintenance payments to younger children. With more equal sharing, the costs of insuring against the event of having no surviving children rise, and less is demanded. The general pattern of results suggests that primogeniture will reduce desired fertility, but possibly the major contribution of this presentation is that no simple relationship exists between primogeniture and fertility. The models suggest that the preference structure of the parents, particularly with regard to the role of the younger children in the family, and the institutional rules on bequest must be carefully specified." @default.
• W2307638903 created "2016-06-24" @default.
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• W2307638903 date "1984-01-01" @default.
• W2307638903 modified "2023-09-23" @default.
• W2307638903 title "Primogeniture and fertility: fertility models with unequal bequest." @default.
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