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• W2308631717 abstract "the concentration of alcoholin blood or breath, properly determined and interpreted, constitutes the best and most objective indicator of the absence or presence and degree of acute alcohol-induced impairment of driving ability in living subjects. Hence, understanding and appreciation of the major physiological and phar- macological factors affecting such alcohol concentrations are important to appropriate use and interpretation of chemical tests for alcohol in traffic law enforcement, and in research on driving impairment by alcohol. Recognition of the complexity of the relationships be- tween dose of alcohol, time and pharmacological effect is also essential to both research and public education ' The unmodified term alcohol in this article refers to ethanol. cators of driver impairment by alcohol in such respects as choice of sample materials and the probative value and interpretation of results of alcohol analysis. An understanding of alcohol pharmacokinetics is also needed for the proper evaluation and assessment of the validity and significance of studies correlating alcohol concen- trations in body fluids with driver performance or impairment, and for proper appreciation of differences between studies. In the present paper, several of the more relevant and problematic aspects of alcohol phar- macokinetics are considered from the aspect of highway safety. Several of these matters have become critically im- portant with the advent and wide adoption of per se drinking-driving laws, 2 also called absolute or blood alcohol concentration offense laws. Body fluid alcohol concentrations constitute an element of the offense in per se laws, and are often the controlling evidence irrespective of driver impairment. The onus on the accuracy of the alcohol analysis and the validity of the blood or breath alcohol concentration at the relevant time is vastly greater in such settings than in the previous traditional evidentiary use of alcohol analysis results to document presence of alcohol to an extent corroborative of the observed driver impairment and sufficient to explain the crash involvement or moving violation, or to establish a rebuttable presumption of the existence of the influence of alcohol to an impermissible extent." @default.
• W2308631717 created "2016-06-24" @default.
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• W2308631717 date "1985-01-01" @default.
• W2308631717 modified "2023-09-24" @default.
• W2308631717 title "Absorption, Distribution Highway Safety Aspects and Elimination of Alcohol:" @default.
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• W2308631717 hasPublicationYear "1985" @default.
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