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• W2310367923 abstract "Even by conservative estimates, more than 400,000 concussions occur among high school athletes each year in the United States (Yard & Comstock, 2009). Although the risk of concussion in sport has been inherently understood for decades, recent studies have indicated that both the short- and long-term ramifications of the injury may be more profound than originally thought, especially when it affects younger athletes (Collins et al., 2002; Field, Collins, Lovell, & Maroon, 2003). Many concussions sustained by athletes who are high school-aged and younger go unreported because youth sport coaches, leaders, parents, and even athletes themselves do not fully understand what a concussion is or that it has occurred (Collins et al., 2002; Faure & Pemberton, 2011; McCrea, Hammeke, Olsen, Leo, & Guskiewicz, 2004).After a flurry of media reports and research studies chronicling dozens of catastrophic outcomes resulting from sport-related concussion, all 50 states and the District of Columbia passed laws to require appropriate concussion management (Cook, King, & Polikandriotis, 2014; Faure & Kaiserman, 2014; Guskiewicz et al., 2004; McCrea et al., 2004; Powell & Barber-Foss, 1999). The primary components of each of these laws included (a) distribution of concussion educational information to stakeholders, including coaches, parents, and student-athletes; (b) removing an athlete from sport participation after a (suspected) concussive injury has been sustained; and (c) requiring that the concussed athlete be evaluated by a health care professional prior to being allowed to resume physical activity or sport participation. These laws have forced changes in the way concussion is perceived, identified, and managed within youth and school-sponsored sport programs.Each state's law is intended to protect young athletes, but there has been concern expressed in some states by legislators, sport leaders, and others that compliance would be difficult without the appropriation of resources, especially for rural schools. While educational materials can be downloaded for free from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention website (cdc.gov/ headsup), schools still assume some cost when reproducing and distributing those materials and when providing for appropriate concussion management once student-athletes are injured.Idaho is one of the states that did not allocate additional resources to schools. In 2012, Idaho joined 42 other states when its legislature passed HB-632, the Youth Sports Concussion Law. The implementation of Idaho's law may highlight both the successes and struggles that other states have experienced when attempting to comply with the educational and management guidelines, which are now mandated in all 50 states.Background to the StudyIdaho's law required that all youth sport coaches, officials, parents, and athletes be educated annually about the risks and consequences of concussion. It also stated:... if during a practice or game or competition, it is reasonably suspected that a youth athlete has sustained a concussion or head injury and exhibits the outward signs or symptoms of such, as defined by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, then the youth athlete shall be removed from play. . . . (until) the athlete is evaluated and authorized to return by a qualified health care professional who is trained in the evaluation and management of concussions (Idaho Youth Sports Concussion Law, 2012).Idaho's schools, like schools in 48 other states, are under additional pressure to ensure that students who are concussed, or are suspected to be concussed, are medically evaluated. Determining which health care providers are appropriate can be both confusing and contentious. Some states, including Idaho, specifically identify which groups are appropriate. But uncertainty remains as to the level of specialized knowledge needed to assess concussed athletes among those groups, especially in rural and medically underserved areas (Faure & Kaiserman, 2014; McGowan Lowrey & Morain, 2014). …" @default.
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• W2310367923 date "2015-10-01" @default.
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• W2310367923 title "Concussion Law Compliance: The Allocation of Time, Resources, and Money in a Rural Western State." @default.
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