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- W2311240432 abstract "Often, characterization of explosives-contaminated sites is conducted by collection of discrete grab samples of surface soil followed by off-site laboratory analysis. Decisions regarding the necessity and extent of site cleanup are based on the assumption that the results are representative of site conditions. This study was conducted to assess the degree of short-range heterogeneity in analyte concentrations present at nine locations at three explosives-contaminated sites. Seven discrete grab samples were collected in a wheel pattern of radius 60 cm. Each of the seven samples was homogenized in the field and duplicates were analyzed on-site by the EnSYS colorimetric method and off-site by HPLC (EPA Method 8330). Results indicate that TNT concentrations of discrete samples within a sampling wheel varied substantially at all locations by as much as 2 1/2 orders of magnitude. Partitioning of overall variances indicated that sampling error dominated over analytical error. In addition, the seven grab samples were composited and seven subsamples were analyzed by both methods. Results from these composites had mean concentrations representative of the average conditions and low RSDs indicating that field homogenization and compositing was adequate for site characterization. The colorimetric method gave essentially equivalent results to those from Method 8330. A combinationmore » of homogenization, compositing and on-site colorimetric analysis provides an inexpensive and rapid site-characterization procedure which is accurate, precise and results in more representative of site characterization.« less" @default.
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- W2311240432 date "1995-12-31" @default.
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- W2311240432 title "Representativeness: The missing element in explosives site characterization" @default.
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