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• W2313532509 abstract "In discussing various types of training procedure in learning experiments, stress is usually placed on the acquisition and extinction of the responses which are directly relevant to reinforcement, with little regard to the change of general activity level under different experimental situations. Recently, however, it has been suggested, with some experimental evidence, that the response vigor in “frustrative” situation has a tendency to increase (1, 2, 10, 12). Present study was designed to investigate the alleged facilitating effect of the general activity level on the relevant responses (bar-pressing, in this case) during the testing or extinction process in secondary and partial reinforcement trainings.In Exp. I, procedure used was essentially similar to Bersh's experiment on secondary reinforcer (3), except that an activity wheel, which has a response bar, a flickering light source, and a feeding device, was used to record the general activity level together with the learning course. Ss were 28 male albino rats. Prior to the training, adaptation session was given in which each bar-pressing by the animal produced 3-sec. light, and the operant level of bar-pressing was recorded for each animal for 30 min. In training, the bar was withdrawn, and Ss were divided into two groups, F (forward conditioning) group and B (backward conditioning) group. F group was given 30 presentations of 3-sec. light followed by two pellets (100 mg) of food for each day and for six consecutive days. B group was given the same pairing of light and food, but in reversed order. Then in testing the bar was re-inserted, and each group was subdivided into two groups, Lc (light contingent) group and NLc (not light contingent) group. The procedure for Lc group was the same as in the adaptation session, whereas in NLc group lights were presented by E, independently of S's bar-pressing, with the restriction that the number of light presentations as well as the distribution of their intervals were for F-NLc group the same as in F-Lc group, and for B-NLc group the same as in B-Lc group. Training procedure of Exp. II was shown in table II. Apparatus used was the same as Exp. I except for the omission of the light source. Ss were 21 male albino rats. The criterion for extinction was the nonoccurrence of bar-pressing for 10min. Records were taken, however, at least for 60 min. after extinction had begun.Main findings were as follows.1. In Exp. I, the effect of secondary reinforcement on bar press responses was insignificant, while the light contingent effect was significant at the 5 % level.2. Amount of activity recorded by the activity wheel was significantly larger in F-groups than in B-groups.3. In Exp. II, resistance to extinction was not significantly different between C-64 and P-64 groups.4. Difference in bar press responses for 60min. among three groups in Exp. II was not significant, but difference in activity level was highly significant.From these results, it was suggested that bar press responses might be facilitated by the enhanced activity level in a situation which is “frustrative” but has no “outlet” of enhanced activity such as the activity wheel in this experiment." @default.
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• W2313532509 date "1962-01-01" @default.
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• W2313532509 title "The Effects of Secondary and Partial Reinforcement Trainings on Reactivity in the White Rat" @default.
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• W2313532509 doi "https://doi.org/10.2502/janip1944.12.93" @default.
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