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- W2313577592 abstract "An analysis is presented of the Auger, uv photoemission, and electron-energy-loss spectra of LiNb${mathrm{O}}_{3}$ and LiTa${mathrm{O}}_{3}$ single-crystal surfaces. Results are reported for the clean surface before and after ${mathrm{Ar}}^{+}$-ion bombardment and for bombarded surfaces after exposure to ${mathrm{O}}_{2}$. Both ${mathrm{Ar}}^{+}$-ion and electron bombardment are found to remove surface oxygen, leading to characteristic changes in the low-kinetic-energy (ensuremath{sim} 100-250 eV) Auger spectra. Both materials readily form surface carbides when carbon contamination is present. In uv photoemission, formation of oxygen-ion vacancies by ion bombardment produces a peak above the valence-band edge in both LiNb${mathrm{O}}_{3}$ and LiTa${mathrm{O}}_{3}$. Subsequent exposure to ${mathrm{O}}_{2}$ strongly attenuates the bombardment-induced photoemission. The ultraviolet photoemission spectroscopy (UPS) data are interpreted in terms of ${M}^{4+}$-(oxygen vacancy) complexes ($M=mathrm{Nb}mathrm{or}mathrm{Ta}$). Electron-energy-loss spectroscopy (ELS) data in the 2-90 eV range of loss energies show transitions from the valence band and upper core levels to states in the conduction band. The effects of variation of the primary-beam energy and of ${mathrm{O}}_{2}$ on the intrinsic ELS are examined. ${mathrm{Ar}}^{+}$-ion bombardment results in a low-energy extrinsic ELS peak at ensuremath{sim}2.5-3.0 eV in LiNb${mathrm{O}}_{3}$ and ensuremath{sim}3.1-3.5 eV in LiTa${mathrm{O}}_{3}$. ${mathrm{O}}_{2}$ adsorption has little effect on the loss intensity in LiNb${mathrm{O}}_{3}$ but causes a noticeable decrease in LiTa${mathrm{O}}_{3}$. Annealing at 650ifmmode^circelsetextdegreefi{}C, to diffuse ${mathrm{Li}}_{2}$O out of the bulk, diminishes the defect loss peak in LiNb${mathrm{O}}_{3}$ and almost eliminates it in LiTa${mathrm{O}}_{3}$. Defects removed by annealing but not by ${mathrm{O}}_{2}$ adsorption are believed to involve ${mathrm{Li}}^{+}$-ion vacancies. The same low-energy-defect ELS peaks induced by ion bombardment are also observed, with less intensity, in UHV-fractured samples prior to bombardment, and are indicative of a small deficiency of oxygen and lithium. In LiTa${mathrm{O}}_{3}$, a transition at ensuremath{sim}22 eV, thought to be from the O $2s$ level to the bottom of the conduction band, is observed and found to be dependent on surface oxidation and reduction." @default.
- W2313577592 created "2016-06-24" @default.
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- W2313577592 date "1981-11-15" @default.
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- W2313577592 title "Electron-spectroscopic studies of LiNb<mml:math xmlns:mml=http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML display=inline><mml:mrow><mml:msub><mml:mrow><mml:mi mathvariant=normal>O</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mn>3</mml:mn></mml:mrow></mml:msub></mml:mrow></mml:math>and LiTa<mml:math xmlns:mml=http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML display=inline><mml:mrow><mml:msub><mml:mrow><mml:mi mathvariant=normal>O</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mn>3</mml:mn></mml:mrow></mml:msub></mml:mrow></mml:math>…" @default.
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- W2313577592 doi "https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevb.24.5559" @default.
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