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• W231369795 abstract "This article uses the history of the Fair Labor Standards Act's minimum wage provisions to examine how statutes that benefit interests that are comparatively weak in the political market become law. The article tracks the history of the American debate over fairness in wages beginning with the demise of slavery through the passage of the Fair Labor Standards Act in 1938 in search of an answer. The search yields two answers. The first answer is that power is dynamic, not static. The article discusses the socio-economic crises and effective political advocacy by living wage proponents that changed the political calculus. It also discusses the normative approaches to fairness in wages - that is, conceptions of fairness - offered to remedy the ill effects of employers' superior power in the labor market and how they rose and fell with the changing political environment. In particular, the article discusses how the is a Living Wage conception (Absolute Fairness) would have required employers to pay each worker at least a wage sufficient to support a family while is Equality of Bargaining Power (Bargaining Fairness) would have imposed the procedural remedy of public bargaining over wages and hours in hopes that subsistence wages would result. A vigorous Spencerist majority on the Supreme Court used its own conception of fairness in wages, is the Economic Hierarchy (Hierarchic Fairness), to block state laws codifying the conception of Bargaining Fairness and preserve the economic status quo. The pre-FLSA debate over fairness in wages was largely a struggle between Bargaining Fairness and Hierarchic Fairness. The article also introduces the conception that is Fair Competition (Competitive Fairness) which would prohibit some low wages and excessive hours as a means to fairness between employers, not as a means to fairness for workers. The FLSA codified this conception of Competitive Fairness and thereby offered a second answer to the question of how a statute that benefits politically disempowered people became law. The FLSA also benefits politically empowered employers. Since passage of the FLSA, the courts have reentered the debate over fairness in wages through the debate over which workers are employees entitled to the FLSA's protections. In essence, the courts have abandoned Competitive Fairness. Courts hold that only those workers who are dependent on their employers are entitled to the minimum wage protections guaranteed by the FLSA. This artificial threshold amounts to a rejection of the long-standing consensus that workers in the low-wage labor market lack sufficient individual power to protect themselves against employers' wage demands. This judicial construct reflects a sixth conception of fairness extant, but hidden, in the current judicial interpretation of the FLSA's definition of employee. The article argues that is an Implied Contract is wholly inconsistent not only with the entire history of the American debate over fairness in wages that preceded the FLSA, but with the purpose and structure of the FLSA itself. It also discusses courts' role in the political balance between stronger and weaker parties in the political market." @default.
• W231369795 created "2016-06-24" @default.
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• W231369795 date "2004-04-23" @default.
• W231369795 modified "2023-09-26" @default.
• W231369795 title "Conceptions of Fairness and the Fair Labor Standards Act" @default.
• W231369795 hasPublicationYear "2004" @default.
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