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- W2313778003 abstract "Abundant organic matter (kerogen) was identified in 3.5 Ga hydrothermal silica dikes from the North Pole area in the Pilbara craton, Western Australia. The silica dikes developed in the uppermost 1000 m of the ancient oceanic crust. Thus, they would have been deposited in the 3.5 Ga sub-seafloor hydrothermal system. The carbon and nitrogen isotopic compositions of the kerogen were analyzed in this study. Their highly 13C-depleted isotopic compositions (δ13C=-38 to-33%0) strongly suggest that they are originally derived from biologically produced organic matter. The remarkable similarity of the δ13C values between the kerogen and modern hydrothermal vent organisms may suggest that the kerogen was derived from chemoautotrophic organisms. This idea is also consistent with their nitrogen isotopic compositions (δ15N =-4 to + 4‰). The silica dikes consist mainly of fine-grained silica with minor pyrite and sphalerite. These mineral assemblages indicate that the silica dike was deposited from relatively low-temperature (probably less than 150 °C) reducing hydrothermal fluid. Thus, anaerobic thermophilic/hyperthermophilic organisms could have survived in the hydrothermal fluid, which formed the silica dikes. Therefore, it is plausible that a chemoautotrophic-based biosphere (possibly methanogenesis) probably existed in the Early Archean sub-seafloor hydrothermal system." @default.
- W2313778003 created "2016-06-24" @default.
- W2313778003 creator A5002155845 @default.
- W2313778003 date "2003-01-01" @default.
- W2313778003 modified "2023-10-16" @default.
- W2313778003 title "Biosphere in 3.5 Ga Submarine Hydrothermal System." @default.
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- W2313778003 doi "https://doi.org/10.5026/jgeography.112.2_208" @default.
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