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• W2313883648 abstract "-Information regarding the harvest of eastern diamondback (Crotalus adamanteus) and timber (C. horridus) rattlesnakes was gathered from commercial dealer reports, phone interviews with dealers and collectors, and examinations of 714 harvested rattlesnakes. Many individuals killed and sold rattlesnakes in north Florida, but relatively few sold snakes repeatedly, and most brought in one snake per visit to a dealer. Collection occurred primarily during the spring, summer, and fall. Most of the 98 interviewed collectors opportunistically killed rattlesnakes on roads, in yards, and, less commonly, in woods; only five indicated that they actively hunted for rattlesnakes. Many interviewees indicated that they would kill rattlesnakes that they encountered, especially near human habitations, regardless of any potential monetary gain. Eightyfour percent of the 714 rattlesnakes examined at a north Florida skin processing facility were C. adamanteus and 16% were C. horridus. Sex ratios were skewed towards males in both species. Mean snout-vent lengths for males and females were comparable, but males attained greater maximum snout-vent lengths. Twentynine percent of females in both species were reproductively active. Mean litter size was 13.8 for 27 C. adamanteus and 10.6 for seven C. horridus. Snout-vent lengths of the smallest mature females were 109.3 cm for C. adamanteus and 109.9 cm for C. horridus. The commercialization of rattlesnake skins is a high visibility industry that is currently unregulated in Florida. Concerns have been raised regarding the potential effects of this commercial harvest on Florida's rattlesnake populations. Lack of information regarding exploitation of native herpetofauna, especially snakes, prompted the Florida Game and Fresh Water Fish Commission (FGFWFC) to implement a commercial dealer reporting system in 1990. Harvest numbers and locations were compiled from commercial dealer quarterly report forms from 1990 to 1994. During the four year reporting period, 5562 eastern diamondback rattlesnakes (Crotalus adamanteus) and 487 timber rattlesnakes (C. horridus) were reported purchased by Florida hide dealers and taxidermists (K. Enge, pers. comm.). These reports provided useful data but left unanswered questions regarding the commercialization of rattlesnake skins. Hunting of rattlesnakes for pleasure or profit occurs in Georgia (B. Winn, pers. comm.); the degree to which it occurs in Florida is unknown. Data regarding harvest strategies, locations, and intensity are needed to evaluate the potential impact on rattlesnake populations. Demographic data on harvested rattlesnakes would provide additional insights. The objectives of this study were to determine the relative levels and distribution of commercial rattlesnake harvest in Florida and to gather baseline data on size, sex, and fecundity of harvested rattlesnakes. MATERIALS AND METHODS Names of rattlesnake dealers and collectors, numbers of visits by collectors, and numbers of snakes brought in per visit were obtained from dealer quarterly reports (1992-1993) or, in one case, directly from the dealer. The Georgia Department of Natural Resources (DNR) provided the name of a snake collector from Tampa, Florida, who had sold rattlesnakes at the 1993 and 1994 Fitzgerald, Georgia, roundups. Six rattlesnake dealers in north Florida were contacted regarding their perceptions of local rattlesnake harvest strategies. Three hundred and sixty names of collectors were obtained and 98 collectors were interviewed by phone; phone numbers were unavailable for most collectors. Collectors were first asked how they collected rattlesnakes (e.g., actively hunt, pick up on roads, kill in yard, kill in woods). Interviewees were then questioned regarding collection locations, season and frequency of collection, techniques (if they actively hunted), and dealer(s) used. Reasons for collecting rattlesnakes were also discussed to determine if harvest was profitmotivated. Rattlesnake demographic data were collected at a skin processing facility in north Florida on eight dates between 7 October 1991 and 14 October 1992 (Table 1). Data collection was coordinated with the processor's skinning schedule for north Florida rattlesnakes. Snake carcasses accumulated at the processing facility over 24130 d prior to the dates of examination. Six hundred intact C. adamanteus and C. horridus were measured and sexed by proving for hemipenes. Thawed snakes were placed on a measuring board to determine snout-vent length (SVL) and total length (excluding rattle); measureThis content downloaded from 207.46.13.114 on Thu, 26 May 2016 06:33:16 UTC All use subject to http://about.jstor.org/terms JOAN E. DIEMER BERISH TABLE 1. Numbers and sex ratios of harvested Crotalus adamanteus and Crotalus horridus. Number sexed includes headless, unmeasured snakes. Crotalus adamanteus Crotalus horridus Data Sex Sex collection No. No. ratio No. No. ratio date measured sexed (d:9) measured sexed (6:9) 7 October 54 54 1:0.3 9 9 1:0.8 31 October 72 72 1:0.8 23 23 1:0.4 11 December 62 62 1:0.9 17 17 1:0.5 20 April 68 69 1:0.8 4 5 1:0.7 9 June 71 95 1:0.9 7 10 1:1.0 7 July 32 32 1:1.1 8 8 1:1.0 10 August 49 51 1:0.5 15 17 1:0.5 14 October 92 163 1:0.5 17 26 1:0.4 All dates 500 598 1:0.7 100 115 1:0.6 ments were recorded to the nearest 0.1 cm. Rattle segments (button + free segments + basal segment) were counted on complete rattles to obtain number of sheds, and female reproductive tracts were collected. Sex was also determined for 114 headless rattlesnakes. Reproductive tracts were examined or frozen for later examination. Reproductive status (immature, non-reproductive, vitellogenic, gravid, or postparturient) was determined by measuring the three largest follicles and inspecting the condition of the ovaries and oviducts. Criteria for sexual maturity were the presence of enlarged yolked follicles, embryos, ovulation scars, or vascularized oval spots in thickened oviducts." @default.
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• W2313883648 date "1998-12-01" @default.
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• W2313883648 title "Characterization of Rattlesnake Harvest in Florida" @default.
• W2313883648 doi "https://doi.org/10.2307/1565209" @default.
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