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• W2313945885 abstract "Due to environmental regulations, Oxides of nitrogen (NOx) and carbon monoxide (CO) are important issues for gas turbine plants. Regulators are becoming more and more involved and they often require overall and real-time emission information. These measurements can easily be done with gas analyzers. This technology is called CEMS: Continuous Emissions Monitoring System. With CEMS, regulators easily understand proofs such as calibration and certificate. However, this technology is expensive to buy and to maintain. An alternative method is to use a calculation based on the turbine operation. This technology is called PEMS: Predictive Emissions Monitoring System. Although PEMS is less expensive than CEMS, setting up and managing a PEMS mathematical formula to fully respond to the expectations of the regulator is more complicated than using CEMS. This paper describes an approach to set up an equation for PEMS which can be accepted by regulators. Before starting PEMS research, expectations must be established. What are the expectations of the regulator? What are the users’ expectations? Yes, do not forget the goals of the unit operators. It is not sufficient to provide answers for regulator at the lowest cost. A responsible user is also concerned about the environmental aspect and this fact will help your in the future. GRTgaz, the main gas transmission company in France managing 44 turbines spread over 25 stations across France, has decided to answer these questions before starting research. The answers to these questions make up the first part of this 4-part paper. The second part of the paper is a review of publications and literature. Since no applicable PEMS exist for all types of combustion turbines, analyzing empirical and theoretical formulas leads to the important parameters and the link between them. The third part is dedicated to turbines. A lean premixed combustion system and its regulation are described. Also in this part, the available measured parameters are listed in regards to their combustion influence and their accuracy. The fourth part deals with the establishment of equations and their tests in regards to the goals. The last part presents the implementation of the equations on the units. If tools and knowledge are available, the conclusion point out that achieving a PEMS requires a good evaluation and understanding of the expectations of the regulator, not only in the present day but also what they will and could be." @default.
• W2313945885 created "2016-06-24" @default.
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• W2313945885 date "2014-06-16" @default.
• W2313945885 modified "2023-09-23" @default.
• W2313945885 title "Setting Up and Managing a PEMS Mathematical Formula to Fully Respond to the Expectations of the Regulator" @default.
• W2313945885 doi "https://doi.org/10.1115/gt2014-25242" @default.
• W2313945885 hasPublicationYear "2014" @default.
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