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- W2314338910 abstract "The first attempt to drill through the sediments and basement of the oceanic crust was undertaken as part of Project Mohole, starting in 1957. Escalating costs stopped the Project in 1966 before the major drilling phase started. A parallel sediment drilling programme in the USA, however, got under way and led to the successful Deep Sea Drilling Project which has drilled at over 400 sites through? out the world's oceans. The last phase of this project (IPOD) has become inter? national, six countries contributing to its finance and organization. The methods, objectives and achievements of this project are described and its future discussed. DURING THE last century, exploration of the deep ocean floor and ofthe crust of the earth lying beneath it has led to an explosion in knowledge and understanding that has revolutionized geological thinking of the whole earth. It was inevitable that one critical stage in the exploration should be the extension of our knowledge of the exposed or near surface geology of the ocean floor, acquired by coring the top few metres of the sediments or dredging for loose or fragile rocks from outcrops, to a complete sampling of the third dimension by drilling kilometres through the sediments and crystalline rocks. This was the dream of early marine geologists which has only been fulfilled in the last decade as a result of the intense enthusiasm, dedication and drive of a few individuals, who not only wanted to achieve it, but believed that it could actually be done. Drilling for scientific purposes, in contrast to the search for minerals, hydrocarbons and water, started in the nineteenth century. Charles Darwin's theory ofthe origin and development of coral atolls was tested in 1897 by a hole drilled to a depth of 350 m at Funafuti in the Ellice Islands, although it failed to reach the predicted volcanic core. It was not until many more holes had been drilled on atolls during the 1930s through to the 1950s that basaltic rocks were recovered beneath the coral cap at 1300 m and Darwin's theory of subsidence had positive" @default.
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- W2314338910 date "1977-07-01" @default.
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- W2314338910 title "Deep Drill Holes in the Ocean Floor" @default.
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- W2314338910 doi "https://doi.org/10.2307/1795875" @default.
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