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- W2314441092 abstract "In a 1971 Motown hit single, Edwin Starr posed the musical question, War what is it good for? His gruff response: Absolutely nothin'. Despite the grimly predictable tragedies of armed conflict, almost all ancient and modern societies studied by anthropologists have engaged in at least periodic bouts of warfare. The ubiquity of organized fighting between human groups currently brought home by the war in the Middle East has fired up the scientific study of warfare over the last 30 years and has sparked some bruising academic skirmishes. A handful of warfare researchers described their findings and theories at last November's meeting of the American Anthropological Association in New Orleans. These investigators do not praise fighting, but they assume that anything so common in human experience serves some purpose. They search for the absolutely somethin' that lights the fuse of violence in bands of foragers, tribes of hunter-gatherers, rudimentary political states and modern nations alike. In the 1960s, as U.S. involvement in Vietnam deepened, anthropological theories of war's causes and consequences flourished, numbering at least 16 by 1973, observes Keith F Otterbein of the State University of New York at Buffalo. However, he says, only about half of those theories still receive strong scientific support, and no persuasive new theories have emerged. Current notions about the roots of war stem mainly from studies of nonindustrial societies lacking centralized political power and extensive military organizations.~ In Otterbein's view. all of these theoretical approaches focus on three themes: * ultimate causes of war that influence the goals people fight for, such as competition within a society for scarce resources or mates, and intense divisions between groups of related men. * proximate causes of war, such as a society's military preparedness and the goals of its leaders, often centering on the desire for land, natural resources or control of trade routes. * consequences of war that influence further conflict, including population decline, improved access to resources, and increased prestige and power accorded to victorious warriors." @default.
- W2314441092 created "2016-06-24" @default.
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- W2314441092 date "1991-02-09" @default.
- W2314441092 modified "2023-09-23" @default.
- W2314441092 title "Gauging the Winds of War" @default.
- W2314441092 doi "https://doi.org/10.2307/3975571" @default.
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