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• W2315673219 abstract "Simulation offers many powerful tools for the study of gas turbine engines. Each phase of courses on aircraft propulsion, from the analysis of engine behaviour to the sizing of components, may be effectively supported by properly designed codes. This paper presents a package for the sizing and the design of compressors. The programs study the flow and the aerodynamic of both axial and centrifugal machines. The main characteristic of the package is that it is formed by fast, easy-to-use and User-Friendly codes. Moreover many routines allow the clear presentation of calculation results. 1.-INTRODUCTION The sizing of engine components and the calculations of their performance are outstanding activities of the design and development of gas turbine engines. Therefore an effective course on aircraft propulsion must furnish, at the least, information and methods about the preliminary sizing of engine components and the evaluation of their performance. This part of the course could be characterized by the following steps: • the optimization of engine cycle by on-design codes; • the numerical design of components; • the numerical evaluation of performance of 'paper' components; • the calculation of offdesign performance and behaviour of 'paper' engine. It is very hard to emphasize the importance of compressors in gas turbine engines. Therefore enough part of course should be dedicated to give the student necessary information for the preliminary sizing of compressors and for the evaluation of maps. The benefits of this phase are several and important. The students find practical applications of theories and models learned during the first part of course. Moreover the learners have knowledge of the order of greatness of important design parameters and acquire the sensibility to the right values. Last but not the least the training on compressor design and sizing allows the students to be conscious of the importance of making choices. This way they comprehend the ways for optimizing the design, the importance of material selection and of different design solutions. Obviously User-Friendly, fast and reliable packages, with different complexity degrees, are powerful tools during training activities. This paper deals with the works carried out for developing a suitable Copyright© 1997, American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Inc. package for the training on compressor design and sizing. The following sections will describe the main steps carried out for developing and setting-up the whole package. 2.-THE GENERAL INFORMATION ABOUT PACKAGE The main requirements for developing codes for training derive from the exigencies of the persons involved in their utilization. From this point of view the package might be used at different level: • by undergraduate people starting the study of compressors; • by graduate students that want to get thorough knowledge of the compressor problems; • by young engineers just involved in design activity in engine factories. The codes should be UserFriendly so that the attention of user may be devoted to the machine sizing problems and not to computer usage. This way the educational effectiveness of codes should be very strong. The dialogue between the user and the Computer must be light, direct and without ambiguity. Moreover, besides the simplicity of use, the package must contain routines for showing the results of calculations. Again the different choices must be clearly indicated as well as the plots must appear clear and simple to understand. The package must run on Personal computer with 80486/PENTIUM microprocessor. Finally the complete package should permit both the sizing ad design of compressors and the calculation of their performance (the maps). Such a package is very wide and complex. This paper deals with the first item: the sizing and the design of compressor from the flow and aerodynamic point of view. Obviously the first problem to be solved was the choice of a language permitting the development of highly interactive codes. At the present one of the most simple but effective computer language is the Microsoft VISUAL BASIC. In the past the author widely used this language for developing codes for training purposes. The experience heaped-up during these activities was the background for developing this work. After the selection of computer language, the successive step of the package construction dealt with the development of suitable theoretical methods for sizing and designing compressors. The scientific literature offers a lot of information about this subject. Wide and clear explanations about both sizing and design and performance estimation of compressors are contained in (1), (2), (3), (4), (5), (6). This work selected the sizing and design procedure suggested in (1) and fig. 1 shows its main steps. Beside the sizing, the package offers the possibility to study the influence of different parameters on stage aerodynamic behaviour. This option is particularly useful for the beginners of design activity. When the experience is poor it is important to understand the importance of some selected parameters on the aerodynamic behaviour of a single stage. Some of these parameters are the drop temperature, the work done X factor, the mass flow rate, the degree of reaction, etc. Moreover the codes allow the calculation of the stage performance. Copyright© 1997, American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Inc. This way the learner may have a complete picture of the influence on 1=1 TO STAGE NUMBERS INPUT THE MEAN RADIUS VALUE OF: -LAMBDA FACTOR -PERIPHERAL VELOCITY -AXIAL VELOCITY; THE STAGE VALUES OF: -MASS FLOW RATE; -TEMPERATURE DROP CALCULATION OF: ANGLES ANT MEAN RADIUS; STAGE ANNULUS AREA; -BLADE HEIGHT SELECTION OF BLADE TYPE: -FREE VORTEX; -CONSTAN REACTION DEGREE; -ETC. CALCULATION OF ANGLE DISTRIBUTIONS ALONG BLADE HEIGHT CALCULATION OF BLADE AND STAGE GEOMETRY CALCULATIONS OF STAGE DESIGN POINT PERFORMANCE CALCULATION OF OVERALL PERFORMANCE OF COMPRESSOR Fig. 1 Main Steps of Design and Sizing Procedure of Axial Flow Compressors the flow, the aerodynamic and the performance of the stage. The following section will describe in full details the application of package for the different activities. 3.-THE EXAMPLES OF THE APPLICATION OF CODES As previously stated the package contains different forms showing easy-to-use tools as buttons, combo-box, picture-box, text box, etc. The tools are strictly linked to the 'event-driven' characteristic of VISUAL Basic. This means that by using a button depicted on a form only the part of code linked to that button runs. Each form was developed for allowing some activities as: • the selection of the work; • the data input; • the calculations; • the visualization of results. The codes run on Personal Computer and the different parts are fired by using the mouse only. The following examples will describe deeply the power of the package and the activities that may be carried out. When the package starts the form of fig. 2 appears on the screen. By clicking the button START the code shows the form of fig. 3 and the user must select the activity he wants to carry out. STARTING FORM OPCODE ITALIAN AIR FORCE ACADEMY 33th AIAA/ASMBSAE/ASEE JOINT PROPULSIONE CONFERENCE INTERACTIVE PROGRAM FOR THE DESIGN OF GAS TURBINE COMPRESSORS PROF. Giovanni TORELLA" @default.
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• W2315673219 date "1997-07-06" @default.
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• W2315673219 title "User-friendly codes for the preliminary calculations of compressors for gas turbine engines" @default.
• W2315673219 doi "https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1997-3277" @default.
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